Greetings. Welcome to the Avis Budget Group First Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow today's formal presentation. As a reminder, today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I will turn the conference over to David Calabria, Treasurer and Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance. Mr. Calabria, you may begin your presentation.

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. On the call with me are Joe Ferraro, our Chief Executive Officer, and Izzy Martins, our Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that we will be discussing forward-looking information, including potential future financial performance, which is subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements and information. Such risks and assumptions, uncertainties, and other factors are identified in our earnings release and other periodic filings with the SEC as well as the Investor Relations section of our website. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results, and any or all of our forward-looking statements may prove to be inaccurate, and we can make no guarantees about our future performance. We undertake no obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements. On this call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to our earnings press release, which is available on our website for how we define these measures and reconciliations to the closest comparable GAAP measures. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Joe.

Thank you, David. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Yesterday, we reported our first quarter results, which delivered quarterly revenue of more than $2.5 billion and adjusted EBITDA of $12 million. This is a substantial decline from our first quarter of 2023 adjusted EBITDA of $535 million, and we will spend time on this call discussing the underlying impacts and takeaways. At a high level, though, to accurately portray the business this quarter and beyond, we need to bifurcate the impacts of non-recurring fleet gains, higher vehicle interest, and decisions made to right-size our fleet, as we discussed on our last call, versus comparisons with a healthy overall revenue environment and our ongoing earnings potential. We took the necessary steps to right-size our fleet this past quarter by selling a record amount of vehicles to allow for increased utilization and flexibility. Conversely, the demand environment for our business remains robust, as demonstrated by a record first quarter rental volume, and we saw sequential improvement to our RPD throughout the months in the first quarter, with March finishing down 3%, with stronger exit trends, which we believe is a positive sign of future pricing. We'll get into greater detail on this later in the call, but right now I'd like to take a moment to thank our employees across the world for their efforts thus far in 2024. We worked hard to manage both our fleet size and our operating costs in order to appropriately position ourselves for the second quarter and summer peak, but thanks to their efforts, I believe we're now ready to move forward and capture what I believe will be a strong peak season, both domestically and internationally. Let's begin as we usually do, with the details around our Americas segment. The Americas earned nearly $2 billion of revenue in the first quarter, with $44 million of adjusted EBITDA. As I mentioned earlier, the demand in the Americas was strong, with a record amount of transaction days, even in our off-peak season. We've said on previous calls, when people get on planes, they get in cars, and for the quarter, TSA volumes were consistently higher than the first quarter of 2023. This showed in our volume being up 5% year-over-year. Our sales team has been busy with renewing key partnerships that continue to add to the rental day growth while contributing to improved margins. In general, we've seen growth in the aerospace, professional, and tech industries, as well as our commercial customers continuing to support leisure activity, a combination of a business trip with other leisure activity. Our commercial customer retention rate is nearly 100%, demonstrating the trust and loyalty our partners have in our company. We also saw continued improvement through pricing throughout the quarter. Pricing was down 6% compared to the first quarter of 2023 and up 25% compared to the first quarter of 2019. When looking sequentially, we ended the past fourth quarter down 7% in pricing, which is what we saw in January, but as the quarter progressed, we saw a continued improvement with March finishing down less than 4%. This has continued into April, and we believe this trend will continually allow us to exit the second quarter roughly flat year-over-year, which is a good starting point as we begin the third quarter, our busiest of the year. We have said in the past, when industry fleet is inside of demand, pricing benefits, and currently we see this happening in the market. We made the conscious decision to accelerate our fleet dispositions so that we can maintain a more normalized utilization, closer to historical norms. Our plan was to attack it quickly and get our fleet size issue mostly behind us while keeping costs in control. In the U.S., we sold a historic record number of vehicles in the first quarter, and with April's dispositions, we will have disposed of over 50% of our anticipated annual sales. We believe this was a critical step in driving both near and longer term utilization. Demand for vehicles of our type persists, and used cars still represent a value to consumers at a price point that can be more than $20,000 less than a new vehicle. We are used car generators and help fill this consumer need. Our disposition strategy in the first four months of the year sets the base foundation for our fleet while allowing the flexibility to optimize the transition into the spring and summer seasons. Our utilization for the quarter was approximately 66%, but that does not give the full picture of the quarter. As we dispose of cars, our utilization continued to improve. Our March utilization was approximately 70%, bringing us closer to the goal of being at historic norms and exiting the first quarter in line with where we started the second quarter last year. We expect to be finished with our defleeting actions this month and our hyper focus to keep our utilization around seasonally historic levels. In fact, we anticipate our quarterly utilization to improve as the quarter progresses and ultimately eclipse last year's summer peak. Before I leave the fleet, let me take a moment and talk about our upcoming fleet negotiations. They're just beginning, but there are signs that the fleet buy will be more affordable. As the OEMs continue to make more cost-effective vehicles for consumers, we expect to benefit from that as well. As always, discussions with our OEM partners are focused on getting the right vehicles for our business at the most affordable prices. It's early stages, but we'll have more information in future calls regarding our 2025 model year purchases. So to recap, the Americas had revenue of nearly $2 billion and adjusted EBITDA of $44 million. We took the necessary actions to align the fleet by exiting a record number of vehicles in the quarter, allowing for increased utilization and flexibility. On a year-over-year basis, price improved sequentially from the fourth quarter down seven to down six in the first quarter, which would March better than that. These strong exit trends allow us to anticipate ending the second quarter about flat. And as I said earlier, that's a good place to start the summer and our busiest quarter of the year. We expect that the third quarter pricing could improve over prior year, given that travel demand continues to be robust. Let's shift gears to international. We continue to see a slow, but steady improvement in volumes post-pandemic. Rental days were up 4% compared to the first quarter of 2023, only down 17% compared to the first quarter of 2019. This is an improvement from down 20% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Last year we said travel from country to country had been returning at a slower pace. However, we are seeing improvements with inter-European cross-border travel being up 11% compared to last year. Additionally, our international inbound volume was up 17% compared to last year. As we stayed in the Americas, our sales team was busy utilizing the power of our brands to generate higher margin volume as customers of this type, especially from North America, keep the cars longer and have a propensity to take additional ancillary products. With the increased volume growth, we generated revenues of $558 million, or a 3% increase compared to last year. And initial bookings for the second quarter of 2024 and into early summer in Europe are trending positively as well compared to last year, as we see volumes continuing to improve from rebounding inbound and cross-border demand heading into our peak. Pricing for the quarter was down less than 1% compared to last year. But just like in the Americas, there's a greater story behind the number. January pricing started off being down 3% compared to prior year and improved to being slightly positive in March as we took advantage of the improved volume and higher price cross-border activity. Additionally, our rollout of a proprietary demand fleet pricing system in international will be completed in June, and we expect to start seeing benefits with this rollout. Our system, which has been utilized in the Americas for many years now, is designed to improve contribution margin as it aligns demand with inventory and prices cars down to specific locations, both maximizing utilization and price. Fleet utilization was also positive in the quarter, and this will continue into the second quarter as well as into the summer season. We continue to believe that there's substantial opportunity for recovery in this region, and the team is ready to capture it as it returns. Turning to technology. We believe we are leaders in our industry at consistently looking for and executing ways to enhance our productivity and efficiency. Last call, we talked about projects that could improve our operating expenses. While we have many, I wanted to highlight a few of these on this call. We have been using data analytics and on-the-ground systems to increase throughput and enhance productivity. These systems and processes allow for better forecasting and scheduling needs down to the location and by day to optimize labor mix, such as full-time, part-time, and outsourced opportunities for jobs like shuttling our vehicles to and from locations. In the first quarter, we faced wage inflation of nearly 3% compared to the first quarter of 2023. However, our labor initiatives improved productivity by nearly 10%. We expect these savings to flow through the balance of the year. We're also using analytics when looking at in-line vehicle costs, such as tires, glass, and parts. In fact, we now have more visibility of leveraged purchasing power with our vendors, ensuring we use the most cost-effective part for each service. This better insight on purchasing and parts enables us to better manage these variable costs. The actions we took against these analytics decreased parts costs by over 20% this quarter. We expect these savings to continue throughout the year. We're also continuing to optimize our connected car capability. In the past, we've talked about improved gas collection from customers, but it also improves our asset control on vehicles. We have an automated process for our shared service center that assists with vehicle loss prevention and the improved recovery of our vehicles. The system provides improved insights designed to reduce the downtime of our vehicles, provide better reporting, as well as reducing costs associated with these types of incidents. We're also piloting new functionality where we have cameras capture the vehicle from multiple angles at both the exit and return of rental. Our system reviews each video feed to assess any incremental damage to our assets. When new damage is identified, the system submits recommendations to our damage management portal, showing video events of the damage. The solution will increase the amount of damage we are detecting, shorten the length of time necessary to move the damage through our collection process, reduce dependencies on our supply chain to provide estimated repair costs, and shorten the downtime after damage is discovered to improve vehicle utilization and overall customer recoveries. On each of our calls, I typically talk about our touchless Avis QuickPass process and our customers' ability to check in and check out on their rental using a unique QR code at our exit gates. We are continually adding new features and are currently testing a new form of assistance where a customer can utilize their smartphone to have an associate quickly attend to their needs while on the lot. We look to roll this out throughout the remainder of the year. Our Avis QuickPass service has been the preferred customer experience over the last few years and we will continue to invest in this product. I'm also excited to say our team has now rolled out more than 60 European locations with self-service kiosks, allowing a customer to bypass the counter in an unsecured lot environment and obtain their keys by using biometrics to identify who they are. These initiatives will help to reduce costs while enhancing the overall customer experience. So to conclude, we disposed of the most vehicles in our first quarter history to better align supply with demand and give us flexibility as we move into the summer peak. We achieved our second highest first quarter revenue in our history, all while maintaining strong cost discipline. Travel demand continues to be strong. Our utilization is aligned with historic norms. Our pricing continues to stabilize, and we expect to exit the second quarter with pricing flat to the prior year while continuing to believe that the spring and summer seasons will be strong. And I know that our team is focused to drive our performance, especially as we head into the busiest seasons of the year. With that, I'll turn it over to Izzy to discuss our earnings, liquidity, and outlook.

Thank you, Joe, and good morning, everyone. My comments today will focus on our adjusted results, which are reconciled from our GAAP numbers in our press release. As reflected in our earnings release, we earned $12 million of adjusted EBITDA in the quarter. Let me start by detailing the year-over-year variances in fleet and interest costs. Last year, we had more than $600 million of fleet gains, of which $250 million was in the first quarter. These oversized fleet gains were a holdover coming out of the pandemic and the gains will not replicate in 2024, given that these were a byproduct of the post-pandemic supply chain imbalance. One of our priorities was to right-size our fleet as soon as possible by driving record vehicle sales. These sales generated a small loss of approximately $40 million into the quarter as compared to $250 million gained last year. So nearly $300 million of our year-over-year quarterly decline was from this line item alone. In addition, our straight-line depreciation moved from $276 to $298, resulting in a year-over-year negative impact of $80 million. The primary driver of this increase is the additional absorption of model year 2024 vehicles into our fleet mix and declining residual values. We expect the straight-line depreciation to increase throughout the second and third quarters to roughly $350 per month before stabilizing and potentially decreasing in the fourth quarter as we start to inflate model year 2025 vehicles at more attractive cap costs. While it is early, and we have seen in Europe on the model year 2024s, which have been less expensive, conversations with our OEM partners in the U.S. appear to suggest that vehicles may be more affordable on a go-forward basis. Now shifting gears to vehicle interest. The full year impact on all of last year's vehicle financings is reflected in this first quarter as our vehicle debt was refinanced at higher interest rates throughout 2023. In addition, we completed three ASAP term issuances, renewed our ASAP variable funding notes, and renewed our EMEA securitization for financings totaling more than $9 billion during the first quarter. As expected, all these financings came at higher rates. These financings and higher base rates drove the $106 million interest increase in the quarter. Our Treasury team has been busy and put us in this strong position where our funding needs for the year are materially complete. We expect our quarterly interest costs to be similar to what we experienced in the first quarter, and any other fleet financings we evaluate during the year would be opportunistic, which gives us ultimate flexibility. Our direct operating and SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue grew by less than two percentage points in the quarter compared to prior year, largely due to our record dispositions and yet well below our 5% volume growth as our mitigating actions surrounding productivity and other cost removal activities enabled by technology, Joe mentioned earlier, improved this outcome and limited our cost increase year-over-year to $38 million. As a result of these factors, our adjusted EBITDA was $12 million for the quarter. However, we believe the actions we took during the quarter, including our fleet reductions and cost mitigation strategies, have positioned us for a more successful remainder of the year. When it comes to capital allocation, our strategy is not changing. We continually invest in our operational facilities and technological improvements to continuously enhance our customer experience while implementing cost efficiencies to drive margin contribution. This quarter, we reinvested more than $55 million into our core business, the same amount we invested in the first quarter of 2023. We issued a €600 million senior note in the quarter and used the proceeds to redeem our 2026 €350 million senior note maturing in April, with the remainder utilized to pay down vehicle debt. As of March 31st, we had available liquidity of over $700 million, with additional borrowing capacity of approximately $3.8 billion in our ABS facilities. Our net corporate leverage ratio was 2.3 times, including the Euro bond redemption, and continues to be well-laddered with our corporate debt, having no maturities until 2027. Additionally, we are in compliance with all of our secured financing facilities. Let's move on to outlook. I wanted to give you insights into what we are seeing for the second quarter. As Joe mentioned earlier, we expect rental demand to be strong, with the Americas up low single digits, and international being up in the high single digits. We do expect pricing to be sequentially better each month and to exit the second quarter about flat to prior year, which is a good place to start the summer season and our busiest quarter of the year. As we have said in the past, when we keep fleet inside of demand, pricing should improve. In closing, we navigated through a quarter that had challenges with inflationary pressures, higher fleet costs, and more interest expense. We took the appropriate actions necessary to reduce our fleet size by exiting the largest amount of cars in the first quarter in company history, putting us in a more optimal position as we head into the spring and summer peak seasons. We achieved our highest first quarter volume, which gives us confidence for the remainder of the year while maintaining a strong cost discipline. Travel demand continues to be strong, our pricing continues to stabilize, while being well above 2019 levels. And we continue to expect the quarters to perform with the seasonality we have seen in the past, with the second quarter being larger than the first, and the third quarter representing another great summer peak. With that, let's open it up for any questions.

Thank you. At this time, we will be conducting a question-and-answer session. Thank you. And our first question is from the line of Ryan Brinkman with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. With regard to capital allocation over the balance of the year, how would you rate the relative attractiveness of using cash from operations to either pay down corporate debt or fleet debt or to buy back shares? And what about the operating environment, your own performance, or the price at which the market is valuing different parts of your capital structure makes one option or the other more attractive to you at this time? And how do you see that maybe evolving as the year progresses or into next year and beyond?

Hi, there. Good morning. Thank you for the question. We still believe that our shares are undervalued relative to the fundamentals around current and future earnings trajectory. However, we needed to take care of our fleet disposition strategy, invest in our technological improvements, and offset rising interest rates. So I would think about it in the first half of the year, that's what we would be taking care of. As for the second half of the year, of course, we will continue to monitor all opportunities that are available to us and our shareholders. We will always evaluate the full spectrum of options, including M&A, CapEx, debt repayment, dividends, one-time or regular, and of course, share repurchases, as I mentioned earlier. So we will always opportunistically allocate capital to those areas that best benefit all of the stakeholders of our company.

Okay, great, thanks. And then just maybe also wanted to check in. It's been some time since the commentary back in 2021, I believe, that with regards to normalized EBITDA, that no plan submitted by the management to the board would be deemed acceptable for EBITDA in the upcoming year. It's a call for earning less than a $1 billion. And of course, since then, you went under $4 billion and haven't really opined or updated on what you think normalized earnings are. They're obviously a lot closer to the billion now than to four. But just having done that round trip and trying to think about what maybe has structurally changed relative to the $800 million or so you're doing pre-pandemic, I'm curious if you have any updated thoughts here in 2024 about what normalized earnings for the company might be and in what year maybe you'd be expected to earn a normalized amount.

Thanks for the follow-up question. I think I'll make it quite simple. I mean, nothing really has changed. I would just simply say that nothing below a $1 billion is going to be acceptable to us. So that's really where I would leave it. So although I wasn't in this role back then, the strategy hasn't changed.

Very helpful. Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of John Babcock, Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.

Good morning and thanks for giving me the opportunity to ask a couple of questions here. I guess just starting out, could you talk about what you're seeing on residual values? If you could just kind of go through a little bit, both on newer cars and also some of the older cars in your fleet. I was just kind of curious what you're seeing in terms of trends there.

I think the best way to think of it is although residual values were relatively stable during the quarter, and also the Mannheim continues to be much higher than pre-pandemic levels. We do think, though, I don't know if you think about what I said about our depreciation. I think the holding cost of the cars really relates to the fact that the cap costs are a little bit higher. So as residual values persist throughout the year, we're behind, call it, the highest point of the curve. So we do expect that residual values will continue to potentially decline as the year progresses. And obviously, there are certain cohorts that may still be challenged within our fleet. Actually, as you may not have seen yet because we are filing with the SEC probably after this call, but we'll certainly be filing today. We did experience about $40 million of losses in the quarter. It's really a nominal amount. As you heard Joe say, we disposed of a record amount of vehicles in the first quarter, and that will continue probably through mid-May. The other thing is I know there's a lot of noise in the marketplace surrounding EVs. We don't have many EVs, as you know. However, the EVs are challenged from a residual value perspective. So irrespective of that, you still do need to take that into consideration. But I hope that was helpful.

Yeah, it was. And then also just last quarter, I think you provided guidance for depreciation per unit of rent, $325 for 2024. Are you sticking to that guidance? Are there any reasons to think that that may have been adjusted upwards or downwards?

You can tell from my prepared comments. In the first quarter, we came within that guidance, and I think we came in at about $318. And in my prepared remarks, I told you about the $298 and the $40 million loss. I would say what we're seeing now is that that $318 is going to ramp up. I said in the prepared remarks that it's going up to $350, most likely by the tail end of the second quarter. But I think what's more important on how the quarters progress is that we do expect it, as I said, to tail up in the second and the third. But given that it's still early in our negotiation process, we do believe that the model year '25 will be more affordable. As we inflate those in the fourth quarter and into calendar year '25, we should see that that straight-line depreciation should normalize.

Thanks. Just one more follow-up before I pass it on. I'm curious, with the OEMs indicating that prices for the 2025 models will likely become more affordable, are they offering those discounts to you this year, or will that be more relevant next year as you begin those negotiations?

Yeah, I'll take that. When we buy the 2025 model year buy, we'll buy it this year, we'll commit this year, and those prices will be afforded on cars as they arrive throughout the back half of this year and into next year. The question about affordability, let me just add a little color to that. I mean, it's been reported in various public sources that new cars are being priced at the lowest level in the past two years, and we certainly expect to get our fair share of that. So, like I said in my remarks, it's early. But what we saw in Europe, for example, because they buy the 2024s, they have to commit a little bit later. Those prices have come down quite a bit.

Okay. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Chris Stathoulopoulos with Susquehanna. Please proceed with your question.

Good morning. Izzy, I just want to go back to this, the per unit per fleet cost. So I think in February you had said full year around $325. 1Q is going to be a little higher than that, but you did better at $317. And we're looking at, I think now you're saying trail towards $350 for 2Q and 3Q. And depending on how these negotiations shake out, that could taper off in 4Q and perhaps move lower. So, I just for next year, I want to understand kind of the moving parts here and what's changed since you last updated around that item.

You accurately captured what I mentioned, and I agree with that. The only significant change is that we accelerated our asset sales sooner than expected. Additionally, we're continuously assessing our residual values on a monthly basis. There has also been ongoing hope for a decrease in interest rates. While our cars remain appealing in the used car market, consumer interest rates are still quite high, which makes it more difficult to sell those cars. Therefore, several factors have shifted since I provided the guidance of $325, and I would note that in the first quarter, we fell short of that. It’s reasonable to expect an increase in the second and third quarters.

Okay. Thank you. And Joe, as a follow-up. So your prepared remarks, about a third of that was around technology. There's the system rollout in Europe. You spoke to enhancing contribution margins. There sound like there's some enterprise-level initiatives here, frictionless technology with these kiosks. Could you put a finer point or detail on how you ultimately see this benefiting revenue costs and margins? Are we in the early stages with respect to anticipated benefits?

Yeah. Thank you. I talked a lot about on the last call how we created this cost transformation group headed up by a previous CFO. And I would say, yeah, we're probably in the early stages of it, but we have some things that have brought some meaningful benefit for us in the first quarter. I talked a little bit about them, but for review, we have technology improvements that enhance our scheduling for our frontline staff. And we're seeing particularly good productivity improvements. So when I say productivity, you get more clean cars, you get more customers to get processed through with less staff. And we have technology that enables us to have a different level of full-time and part-time. There's more people coming into the workforce, so that's different than the last couple of years. So that certainly helped deter wage inflation, which we had wage inflation in the first quarter of 3%, but we have productivity up 10%. So that's a definite add-on to margin, for sure. In-life vehicle maintenance around technology and procurement to deal with rising costs of inventory. We have systems in place. I'll give you an example. A tire went up from $50 to call it something closer to $100. We now have procurement involved to get us the best cost, but we also have systems to tell us which tire is the most optimal to put on, whether it be by manufacturer or by product, whether it's to use an existing tire or repair tire. So there's a whole lot of effort. I think when you think about our process, it's to take a look at what we want to solve, create the energy around it through actions, provide technology to give us insights, and then differentiate the outcome. We have damage detection that we're deploying. If you think about, like, what does damage cost us? At one point, improvement in damage collections is like a $4 million benefit. You can do the math. That sounds small, but as you start multiplying it by cars utilization, to have an idea, not just on utilization of the overall fleet compared to rental volume, but utilization of a car at various stages of its life, its downtime, why it's down, down to the bin level. If you improve utilization by a point, just a point of utilization, it's between $30 million and $40 million. So those are things that I think are very attractive. We have others that are involving loss prevention. And then you get to the revenue side, which you started off with. I believe our demand fleet pricing system, something we built in the United States many, many years ago, gives us a decided advantage on how we price vehicles based on demand and inventory levels and allows us to put the best optimal price out there. And we saw that when we rolled it out in the United States, the early indications were use went up and price went up as well. And we think we're going to get that benefit in Europe. But as far as the U.S., we continue to iterate that price, that model of ours. Last year, we put segments of business on it that we hadn't had in the past. We put airport versus off-airport. And it all designed to drive a differentiated outcome.

Okay. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Chris Woronka with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your question.

Hey, good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking the questions. The first one, and this might be for Izzy, there's been some noise in the market. Recently I think investors are just trying to gain a better understanding of kind of where you are in terms of your ABS coverage and things like that. Can you maybe give us a quick overview and talk about whether you see any funding requirements coming and things like that just to provide a little color to the market? Thanks. And then I have a follow-up.

Thank you for the question, Chris. I want to clarify right away that we don't have any issues on that front. If you look at the first table of the earnings release, we have a cushion of about $2.8 billion. However, due to the way ASAP is considered a non-consolidated entity, the true cushion is actually $3.6 billion, which means you need to add back approximately $840 million. Considering that, our net advance rate is in the low 80s, and we have the potential to reach the high 80s. I hope that answers your question, but to sum it up, we have plenty of room to maneuver.

Yeah, no, that's great. Thanks, Izzy. And then, the second question is, if I've done the math correctly, I think you reduced your DOE on a reported basis globally by about 1.8% per transaction in the quarter. That's to me, a pretty impressive number. What's your outlook for that? And if it's not a number, it's just directionally, can that continue to decline as you build volume and work on some of these initiatives that Joe was talking about?

You're spot on. It's exactly what Joe just went through. And as you know, we just made that transition. As I'm new to this and Brian's leading that team, and in the initial stages, we're already seeing benefits. I don't have an exact number for you. But as you stated, as you multiply it, as you take it to more locations, whatever it may be, it should continue to give us that advantage. And as you saw this particular quarter, right, even though we had a tremendous amount of vehicles going out in the quarter, an all-time record, you would expect the DOE to go up because that's where we incur the costs to prepare the carts for disposition. But instead, you saw volume going up by five, record dispositions, and our DOE only went up by two. And we're just getting started in scaling up all these improvements enabled by technology that Joe took you through.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Harold Antor with Jefferies. Please proceed with your questions.

Hello. This is Harold Antor for Stephanie Moore. Joe, so I guess on the fleet, with high demand levels right now, is there any expectation for fleet additions this year? And just how does the company plan to manage that?

Hi. Thank you for the question. I think you think of it this way. Although we accelerated plenty of the dispositions into the first half or, say, the first four months, every single month we will be continually adding new fleet and disposing of fleet. So it's just always a continuous cycle. So I wouldn't say that anything has significantly changed. I would just simply say that maybe what it may create is actually even more efficiencies in the peak season, given that we accelerated the deletes a little bit earlier this year.

Yeah, I think I'll jump in here. Look, utilization was important for us, and we got our utilization back to historic norms, and I think that's a tremendous opportunity. Some of the things that I mentioned early on about some of the cost initiatives and things and productivity improvements and how we manage, I think is going to benefit us this year. The price of vehicles are high, and you're going to see us manage our fleet to a more efficient level. I believe that we can get utilizations up over prior levels in the third quarter and not deter volume.

I understand. I'm sorry if I missed this, but can you comment on managing capital costs in light of what seems to be a higher interest rate environment than we anticipated a few months ago? It would be great to hear your thoughts on interest rate expectations for the year.

Yeah. That's exactly why we had to adjust our depreciation to be a little bit higher than what we guided last time. So I think if you use this revised, call it, number that we gave today, I think that addresses that issue.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of John Healy with Northcoast Research. Please proceed with your questions.

Thank you for taking my question. First, I wanted to just talk a little bit about the summer expectations. Joe, I don't know if you'd be willing to do this, but could you talk to maybe what you think your fleet might grow in Q2 and Q3? And I think in the last statement, you just said potentially we could get utilization in Q3 above previous levels. Is there a reason to think and have some hope that if that's the case, we could have potentially positive pricing for you guys on an RPD basis in Q3?

I believe we have a strong opportunity here. We've made a focused effort to align our fleet sizes quickly to move past this issue, taking into account both new arrivals and vehicles we've phased out. Reducing our annual sales by 50% in just the first four months is quite impressive for reaching our goals. I'm feeling more positive about pricing trends. While initial market pricing is often based on scrapes, it's important to consider price in various contexts, such as market segmentation and pricing strategies we implement. Factors like whether it's commercial or leisure demand, exclusive partnerships, and car sizes all influence our outlook. In terms of trends, we experienced a decrease of seven in the Americas as we exited the fourth quarter last year, but this quarter has shown an improvement, dropping only six, with even better results in March. The previous year did not see this trend; we were going in the opposite direction from Q4 to Q1. The timing of Easter may have contributed to some increased demand this March, but to better understand pricing trends, it's helpful to look back at the COVID years. In 2022, demand surged while vehicle supply was limited, which significantly impacted pricing. This short supply issue persisted until February. Much of the price decline occurred last year and in the early part of the fourth quarter. For 2023 and 2024, we expect the largest comparative declines to be in the second and third quarters. Thus, I believe we have a chance to stabilize or even increase prices. Our fleet size shouldn't hinder this progress, as we have systems to effectively allocate vehicles where they are needed most. Our DFP system enables us to strategically price vehicles ahead of events, so I'm optimistic about the pricing trends moving forward.

Great. Great to hear. And then just maybe for Izzy, I wanted to talk a little bit on the car side of things, but maybe on the back end of things, on the remarketing side. Any sort of kind of progress that maybe you can point to on those initiatives that maybe change the way you're selling cars after they run through the fleet and potentially get you a higher quote unquote residual value or disposition price? And maybe where we're at in terms of kind of those being outlaid and kind of rolling out through the system.

I think I'll take that, John. So, yeah, we've been looking at our disposition strategy for a number of years here now. And whether we sell direct to dealers or market connect, and we have a certain number of retail lots. And since you asked, I'll say we're really in the early phases of a direct-to-consumer platform that will allow us to sell cars digitally on some e-commerce, on an e-commerce way. And like I said, very early on, I think you might even have written about it in one of your releases. It's called RubyCar by Avis. It's our way that we believe that we can get higher residual values and better aftermarket by selling direct-to-consumer. You know that if we sell a car direct-to-consumer, you always have that available to you. And the reason why I say like we're looking at that is because we think we have the right to participate in that. First of all, we manufacture a lot of used cars, right? We buy all these cars new. We differentiate ourselves. We have a lot of used cars. So we have inventory. Second, we have locations to deploy. We have a lot of locations around our airport and supply chain locations, fixed vehicles that we can deploy and deliver, things of that nature. Third is, like I said, we have supply chain. We have mechanics who've been fixing cars for a long period of time, both for rental operations and for car sales, both retail and wholesale. And we have customers, right? We have corporate accounts that can use it towards an HR benefit. And we have partners who can use it as a membership perk. And we've established over the past year some technology that allows us to sell cars direct to consumers. And like I said, very early innings, but we've sold hundreds of cars. And hopefully, we can capture the higher disposition costs as we start giving this more meaningful volume.

Great. Thank you, guys.

Thank you. Our last question is from the line of Lizzie Dove with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.

Hi, thanks so much for taking the question. I thought the color on DPU was incredibly helpful. It's just great to hear what you think kind of normal DPU is in 2025 in terms of the improvements that you think you might be able to see there. And I'll ask my follow-up now, also just any kind of help you can give in terms of international versus U.S.

Hi, Lizzie. Thank you for the question. I think that unfortunately it's just way too early to really give you any insights as to what we expect to see in model year, I mean, for calendar year 2025. As I said in my discussions, we expect it to improve from where we're at. But as I said we're still in the very, very early stages of the negotiations for the model year '25. And I hope that what I tried to do in my remarks was to give you kind of a walk down of what's changing year-over-year. And really what it comes down to is the fleet cost. So you're spot on, on trying to figure out, okay, which is the same thing we're trying to do is what is that cost. But as I said, it's a little bit too early to really try to anticipate what that could be in the next year, other than it should be better than where we're at today.

Got it. Thank you.

I'll address the international aspect of your question. We've noted that volume hasn't returned to 2019 levels for several calls now. However, I was encouraged by the shift from the fourth quarter to the third, as we've seen a slight improvement in volume. This can be attributed to how our segments are responding. We've tasked our sales team with generating business outside the United States, which we see as a significant opportunity. We have a wealth of partners and corporate business flowing through our system that we can leverage more effectively. This cross-border business offers better pricing and tends to result in longer vehicle rentals. Consequently, it significantly impacts utilization, pricing improvements, and volume. As we move through the quarters, this will represent a more substantial portion of our international business. This type of business is booked early; for instance, if you're planning a trip to Europe from the U.S., you're likely making reservations now for summer travel. We've noticed considerable improvements in reservations compared to the previous year. An important aspect for us internationally is that the market is segmented by countries. We're developing a demand fleet pricing system that will manage our pricing centrally, which should provide a significant advantage. We'll be able to set prices in different countries based on specific segments and strategies, taking into account demand and inventory. This system is new for us in that region, and we believe it will positively impact the overall margin of our business.

Great. That's so helpful. Thank you.

Thank you. At this time, we've reached the end of our question-and-answer session. I'll turn the call back to Joe Ferraro for closing remarks.

Thank you. So to recap, we reported a strong first quarter demand with record volume in the Americas. We took the necessary actions to reduce our fleet setting, setting us up for better utilization and improved flexibility as we move through the summer peak. We saw pricing stabilized throughout the quarter. We believe travel demand will continue to be strong, and we'll continue to mitigate costs with technology and actions in our field locations. All this sets us up for what we believe are another successful spring and summer season. And I want to thank all our employees around the world for their tireless efforts. And always, I want to thank you for your time and interest in our company.

Thank you. This will conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.