Good morning and welcome to the Green Plains Inc. and Green Plains Partners First Quarter Earnings Conference Call. I will now turn the conference call over to your host, Phil Boggs, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Mr. Boggs.

Alright. Thank you and welcome everyone to Green Plains Inc. and Green Plains Partners first quarter 2021 earnings call. Participants on today’s call are Todd Becker, President and Chief Executive Officer and Patrick Simpkins, Chief Financial Officer. There is a slide presentation available and you can find it on the Investor page under the Events & Presentations link on both corporate websites. During this call, we will be making forward-looking statements, which are predictions, projections or other statements about future events. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could materially differ because of factors discussed in today’s press releases and the comments made during this conference call and in the Risk Factors section of our Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake any duty to update any forward-looking statement. Now, I would like to turn the call over to Todd Becker.

Thanks, Phil and good morning everyone and thanks for joining our call today. The first quarter of 2021 has been truly transformative for our company as we executed across every phase of our transformation plan, accelerating our path toward becoming a sustainable agricultural technology company, producing high-value proteins, vegetable oils and clean sugars, combined with carbon capture and sequestration technology, which lowers the carbon intensity of our products. We highlighted the key events in our release earlier today, but the most important item is that we fully funded our total transformation plan during the quarter. We have laid out several key verticals during the quarter and I will come back to each later on the call. Turning to the financial results, we reported a net loss of $6.5 million or $0.17 of diluted share in the quarter inclusive of a $36.9 million gain related to the sale of the Ord facility and a $22 million charge related to the extinguishment of convertible notes in conjunction with our capital raise. Consolidated crush margins during the quarter averaged $0.11 per gallon, up significantly from the prior year, outperforming the daily average market. Adjusted EBITDA was $15.4 million, excluding the $36.9 million gain. Achieving results that exceeded the daily spot margin generally available during the quarter underscores our ability to flexibly adapt to the changing market around us in our Green Plains 1.0 businesses. The second quarter could exceed these results, but market volatility is something we remain prepared to contend with. Production gallons during the quarter were lower due to the polar vortex that hit much of the U.S. during February. What is really important here is that as we transition to Green Plains 2.0, a strong 1.0 platform is beneficial as we execute our plan. Our ag and energy segment also performed well during the quarter, resulting in improved operating results year-over-year, driven by market volatility in our merchant trading and distribution businesses in our fuel racks, natural gas storage and corn oil distribution platform. Our ultra high-protein business continued to exceed expectations at Shenandoah, consistently delivering higher protein yields and increased corn oil yields, which gives us ever-increasing confidence as we deploy this technology at Wood River and the further locations across our portfolio. During the quarter, we produced a 58% protein product in full scale production and delivered it to our pet food partners. Early indications are very positive on how this product can be used. Achieving this was a highlight for us and has resulted in substantial feedback with end customers, including pet, aqua, dairy, poultry and swine regarding ration development. We are excited to contribute a high-value solution that meets the growing need for sustainable ultra-high-protein feed ingredients. I am pleased to announce that during the period, we have also had several sub-lots in the low 60% protein purities as well and we will get back to you on more on that later. In recent weeks, we have seen protein yields of 4 pounds per bushel and have seen corn oil yields consistently above 1.1 pounds per bushel approaching the 1.2 pounds we expect to achieve with the Fluid Quip MSC system. Even more exciting is that our remaining post-MSC distillers is in great demand, pricing at a slight premium to traditional distillers grains. The variability of this product has been significantly reduced and can be applied through rations in a different way than in the past, yet another positive consequence of our transformation into the bio-refinery platform of the future. Construction at Wood River is progressing nicely and we anticipate a start-up during the third quarter. Our balance sheet is in excellent shape and we are well positioned to continue accelerating our transformation. We ended the quarter with $654 million in cash as well as $45 million remaining on our delayed draw term loan with MetLife. All-in-all, we closed on over $600 million in transactions, including the concurrent equity raise and convertible transactions, raised capital through our financing with BlackRock and monetized our Ord facility for $64 million, while retiring over $170 million in debt, successfully executing on each of these transactions was a highlight of the quarter and has set us up well to achieve the goals and objectives we have laid out. Again, our capital structure has fully funded the protein transformation that we have communicated to our shareholders. Our Project 24 initiative is nearing the finish line as Mount Vernon started up recently and construction at Madison is on track to be completed in the third quarter. We continue to evaluate our plans to complete the GNS upgrade at York. We have already started to contract 2022 USP volumes as the York production is used as a special quality in the market. No final decision has been made. Our main focus going forward is around accelerating our protein technology deployment across our platform, which also benefits corn oil yields. Lastly, our upcoming carbon sequestration initiative offers great promise. During the quarter, we produced 178 million gallons of ethanol, which equates to a 71% utilization rate. While production was slightly lower, our quarter did financially benefit from our risk management position and strategic actions we took in response to winter storm Uri. The macro industry data has continued to be structurally favorable as ethanol stocks have fallen below 20 million barrels, which is the lowest level coming into summer driving season since 2014. Gasoline demand continues to improve as the country opens up and wider vaccine distribution enables people to feel more comfortable traveling, led primarily by surface transportation. Green Plains Partners recorded another stable quarter as its cash flows are protected by long-term minimum volume commitments. During the quarter, we delivered on our strategy to reduce debt and repaid an additional $37.5 million of debt, including $27 million from the Ord transaction. Now, I would like to turn the call over to Patrick to review both Green Plains Inc. and Green Plains Partners' financial performance. I will come back later on the call to talk more specifically about our ongoing initiatives and how each vertical fits into our transformation plan.

Thank you, Todd and good morning everyone. Consolidated revenues were $553.6 million in the first quarter, down $79.2 million or 12.5% from the same period a year ago, with the change being driven by both lower production run-rates as well as lower export volumes in our ag and energy segment. For the quarter, our run-rates were 71.1% of capacity compared to 85.9% run-rate for the same period last year. In the first quarter, Green Plains realized a net loss of $6.5 million or $0.17 per share inclusive of a $36.9 million gain related to the sale of our Ord facility and a charge of $22.1 million related to the partial extinguishment of our 2022 convertible notes. Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the gain on the sale of assets, was $15.4 million for the quarter, significantly improved from our adjusted EBITDA of $2.7 million for the same period in 2020. This change in performance was driven primarily by improvements in the consolidated crush margin in ag and energy contributions in 2021 compared to the prior year. For the quarter, our SG&A costs for all segments were $23.5 million compared to $21.6 million reported in Q1 of 2020, with the change attributable to the inclusion of Fluid Quip this year and higher insurance expenses in general. Consolidated interest expense for the company was $31.7 million compared to $9.7 million in the prior year. However, adjusting for the one-time charge of $22.1 million related to the convertible note transaction described earlier, interest expense was in line with the prior year. I also want to point out that with our convertible debt, we have adopted a new accounting guidance, which now records our convertible debt at the notional value on the balance sheet and will no longer include a non-cash accretion expense running through interest. On Slide 9 of our investor deck, we provide summary of our balance sheet highlights. We had $666 million of cash and working capital, net of working capital financing at the end of the first quarter compared to $252.1 million for the prior year quarter. Our liquidity position at the end of the quarter consisted of $654.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, along with approximately $330.4 million available primarily under our working capital revolvers and our delayed draw term loan. This amount also includes $4.7 million available under the credit facility partnership. CapEx for the first quarter was $31.8 million, including approximately $2.8 million of maintenance CapEx with a balance of $29 million being allocated to growth capital, primarily related to our high-protein and Project 24 initiatives. For 2021, depending on construction timing, our CapEx is projected to be between $200 million and $225 million, including the completion of high-protein technology at Wood River, the start of projects that will buy in at Mount Vernon as well as two additional sites. Maintenance capital for the year is expected to be about $20 million to $25 million, with roughly 50% of that spending coming over the next two quarters on the balance expected in Q4. For Green Plains Partners, we had 179 million gallons of throughput volume at our storage facility during the quarter, which was down 62.6 million gallons or 26% from the first quarter of 2020 as a result of lower production rates at Green Plains plants as well as the sale of Hereford and Ord. For the quarter, the partnership billed Trade Group at the MVC level, which was amended to 217.7 million gallons of throughput after the sale of Ord. Accordingly, the partnership reported an adjusted EBITDA of $13.8 million for the quarter, up slightly from the $13.4 million reported in the first quarter of 2020, mainly due to a 6% increase in throughput rates charged by GPP, offset slightly by other ancillary costs. For the partnerships, distributable cash flow was $11.3 million for the quarter compared to $11.2 million for the same quarter of 2020. On a 12-month basis, adjusted EBITDA was $54.6 million, distributable cash flow was $45.7 million, and declared distributions were $11.4 million, resulting in a 4.13x coverage ratio for the first quarter and a 4.02x coverage ratio for the trailing 12 months. Our coverage ratio excludes any adjustment for required principal payments amortized during the quarter. Now, I would like to turn the call back over to Todd.

So thanks, Patrick. So, as we look back at the accomplishments of the first quarter, we saw a true acceleration of our transformation towards Green Plains 2.0. The technology required to execute was acquired. Higher protein purities and corn oil yields were achieved and the development of our first clean sugar facility was started. Additionally, we have partnered with Summit Carbon Solutions to develop the world’s largest carbon capture and sequestration project to capture and sequester up to 10 million tons of CO2 annually. When we combine the potential of carbon capture with our initiatives in protein, vegetable oils and sugar, we are excited about the future potential. Our business is lining up with a number of verticals that are interrelated and they can each help us maximize the value we can achieve from a bushel of corn. We are deploying technology based around whole kernel solutions. I did want to spend a little time on Fluid Quip and the important role it will play in our future as we expect it to be beneficial to Green Plains in a number of ways. Besides our protein projects, they have a great technology platform and business model. They have 93 total patents and patent applications that are owned and licensed. In addition, in the first quarter of 2021, 2 new continuation patents were filed and more exciting is that they had 3 new patents issued during the quarter, 1 new patent for the MSC protein process, 1 in Brazil supporting their market-leading flex plant technology; and 1 in Canada relating to corn oil recovery in wet fractionation. Also during the fourth quarter of 2020, an additional patent was issued producing zein protein from the MSC protein product. Zein is used for everything from chewing gum to sealers for food. This is a high-value, low-value protein and is difficult to make from traditional corn gluten meal. While this is very early in development, we have it on our R&D roadmap for 2021 to do some base testing and more validation. Fluid Quip also had several third-party projects underway, with multiple FEL-1 and FEL-2 engineering studies in various stages for various technology deployments. Finally, they are in several late-stage discussions related to new sales and various deployments of their IP in wet and dry milling plants. My point here is that we believe we have one of the global leading agricultural technology companies through the partnership with BlackRock, Osprey and Green Plains. Now, I would like to walk through the verticals specifically, protein, oil, carbon, sugar and specialty alcohol, some of which we already covered that are important to our 2024 guidance. In protein, our deployment of MSC technology is beginning to accelerate. Wood River construction continues to be on track and on budget and Obion and Mount Vernon should break ground very soon. We are in final conversations to choose a general contractor, which we believe can speed our ability to complete these projects more quickly than if we were to build them ourselves, and we are working quickly to wrap this up, perhaps this important milestone up. Once we choose a partner, we plan to also announce the order and the schedule of our builds. Fluid Quip sales channel continues to show strong interest from others in the industry that want to add protein technology to diversify their earnings streams. We have a proven technology deployed at 5 U.S. plants and 1 in Brazil, with 2 more U.S. plants starting up this year, Wood River and a previous Fluid Quip sale, no other ag tech companies achieving the speed to market and success in production. Turning to corn oil, the vegetable oil complex is continuing to accelerate prices higher. Our MSC technology helps deliver a structural advantage as we believe it can increase corn oil yields by 50% or more. We continue to refine the operating parameters of Shenandoah and believe we will achieve 1.2 pounds per bushel consistently and we are getting very close, delivering an increasing supply of low-carbon intensity feedstock for the renewable diesel industry, while prices continue to move higher, gives us a structural uplift to 1.0 margins, which is very helpful and is a critical piece of our long-term success. In sugar, we believe that the clean sugar technology from Fluid Quip could be a true market disruptor. It enables a dry mill to produce dextrose for the growing biochemical, synthetic biology and bioplastics industry, while continuing to produce valuable corn proteins and renewable corn oil. The added flexibility of this technology adds to our platform not only lessens our reliance on government bio-fuel policies, but opens the doors to significant upside potential as we tap into new markets once unavailable to the dry milling space. Clean sugar deployment is an opportunity unique to Green Plains and provides our bio-refineries with value outside of bio-fuels production. Our CST installation at our York Innovation Center is nearing completion and we are preparing for our first commercial shipments. Our goal is to work with these end customers and to select one of our existing facilities for a full scale deployment of this innovative technology in the near future. We believe by expanding clean sugar production we can develop strong, stable margin and cash flows, helping to maximize the value created from a bushel of corn. Importantly, this clean sugar process has a carbon intensity which is much lower than the same products produced at a traditional wet mill. One of the most exciting new verticals launched during the quarter is our growing focus on carbon capture and sequestration. In February, we announced our initial 3 locations to be included on a proposed carbon pipeline to sequester pure CO2 into geologic formations. As a founding partner of the development company, we believe we will be able to benefit from the pipeline on top of the LCFS income generated at each of the connected bio-refineries. We are excited to have announced last week that due to the success of the early rounds, the pipeline is being expanded into Southwest Iowa and Nebraska allowing us to add 5 more of our bio-refineries to the project, combined with nearly 70% of our capacity committed to this carbon pipeline with the opportunity to improve the CI score or carbon intensity of each of these products that is a great opportunity. In addition, our remaining 3 locations, Mount Vernon, Madison and Obion are each potential candidates for direct injection carbon sequestration due to their proximity to suitable geologic formations. More to come on this as well as we explore the potential of each, but I did want to mention this, that we are exploring this path as well. While we have gone through our 2024 EBITDA targets on the past couple of calls, I do think it’s worth revisiting them once again here. Our protein initiative is anticipated to deliver a baseline, $0.15 to $0.20 per gallon of EBITDA contribution as the ultra-high protein is deployed over the next couple of years. With 958 million gallons of capacity, this has the potential to add $140 million to $190 million in annual EBITDA. Renewable corn oil is already seeing significant improvement in pricing and every $0.10 per pound that corn oil pricing improves, that adds nearly $40 million in incremental EBITDA, and we have seen these prices improve more than that since the beginning of 2021 alone. With 75 million gallons of specialty alcohol capacity, we believe this business will contribute up to $50 million over fuel-grade economics depending on the results we are able to achieve as we go through full contracting cycles. There has been premium compression lately, but we have already contracted some 2022 volumes and believe this will be a long-term contributor. In sugar, our clean sugar technology once in place could add a minimum of $0.67 per gallon of ethanol capacity or $37 million to $100 million of EBITDA if we convert 55 million to 150 million gallons of capacity in the coming years. Finally, if we only consider a conservative $0.30 a gallon uplift due to potential low carbon fuel standard premiums that we split 50:50 with our pipeline, our 658 million gallons of committed capacity can contribute over $90 million of incremental EBITDA. So, when you combine these initiatives, we are on track to achieving over $300 million of annual run-rate EBITDA by 2024 prior to considering traditional crush margins and moving up from there as the carbon sequestration opportunity comes online and as we move up the J-curve for protein and nutritional solutions. This puts us on track to a more predictable and more stable earnings and cash flows with double-digit gross margin percentages much improved from the low single-digit gross margin percentages as a commodity processor. Added to all this, stable economics from our legacy 1.0 business are certainly enormously helpful as well. In conclusion, we have an impressive list of partners from Hayashikane to Novozymes to Optimal to Osprey to Summit to Syngenta to our pet food partner and many more under late-stage development as we speak, all wanting to help our products get to high-value markets. The value of our low carbon, sustainable renewable and nutritious ingredients that matter platform is truly just getting started. We are quickly heading towards an inflection point in 2022 and Green Plains 2.0 is in sight. We are grateful for the support of our dedicated employees as it is through their efforts that we will complete this transformation. As we look to delivering whole kernel solutions for ingredients that matter, we remain focused on execution every day. Thanks for joining the call today and we are going to start the Q&A session.

And our first question comes from Ken Zaslow from Bank of Montreal. Your line is now open.

Hey, good morning guys.

Hi, Ken.

Good morning.

Just a couple of questions. One is if I think about Shenandoah, can you break out what the margin structure was there and where that’s going to go relative to the rest of the portfolio?

Yes. So in general terms, we sold the initial Shenandoah volumes for the first 2 years – when we started up last year and then for the 2021 volumes as well at somewhere between a $50 and $100 premium over soybean meal pricing for the product based on the 50% to 52% protein. Every $100 over soybean meal is $0.06 a gallon roughly. And so somewhere between $250 to $300 over, land at somewhere between $0.15 to $0.18 a gallon premium to current distillers grains at a 50% protein product.

So, if I put that relative to your $0.11 per gallon, you are saying it’s – what is the gallon – what is the profit in that facility?

Well, again, what we said is that the initial sales were made at about a $0.15 to $0.18 a gallon profit or EBITDA margin, and that facility makes approximately 80 million gallons a year. Initially, $12 million to $15 million.

Okay. Then on top of that, and maybe I just don’t understand the whole Fluid equipment, but just there is no revenue sharing or there is no – anything that comes from that over time, this is not something that you kind of baked into the model? Is it just – is there a reason for that or I just don’t understand the relationship, and that’s fair, too?

Yes. So, once produced, the plant earns their returns because they bought the package from Fluid Quip, the full technology package. Fluid Quip does have small ongoing revenue streams from each sale that they have made. But in general, Fluid Quip makes a margin on each sale that they make. And that’s reported in the Fluid Quip business. But now that we have purchased – acquired Fluid Quip with our partners, and obviously, that will be for the benefit of the partnership.

Okay. And then my last question is, if ethanol margins were completely flat and nothing changed. They were zero. In 2022, what type of EBITDA would you be showing given what projects are done and what projects are going to be done? And can you just give us some context of how that would play out? Just assuming zero ethanol margin I know nobody believes that, but let’s just assume a zero margin, and then I will leave it there?

Yes. We think in 2022, with 4 plants to 5 plants operating, which is where we think we will have potentially 6 plants operating. That will be about half of our platform or 400 million to 500 million gallons. And on top of that, adding in alcohol, corn oil and then the traditional zero margin on the ethanol business, if we just assume zero EBITDA, that’s a $100 million to $200 million model that we can put forward for 2022. But it’s really just based on kind of completion dates and when – that’s why we believe 2022 is really our inflection point when we start to see 4 to 6 plants coming on. And then obviously, the rest in late ‘22 and then ‘23 come on. But we think inflection comes in kind of mid-‘22. And if you just do the calculus on that in run rate basis $0.15 a gallon on average for – when we turn it on at a baseline protein of 50%, 2022 with zero base ethanol is $100 million to $200 million.

That’s great. Thank you.

And thank you. And our next question comes from Laurence Alexander from Jefferies. Your line is now open.

Good morning.

Good morning.

Good morning, Can you flesh out a little bit how you are thinking about the dextrose opportunity and partnerships and the bottlenecks there? And would you consider investing in fermentation capacity because that appears to be a bottleneck that some of the industry is sort of clearly facing?

Yes. How we are thinking about it is we have already been working with dozens of customers, potential customers that have either new technologies or technologies where they have been buying from traditional wet mills that want to be involved with our low carbon dextrose. And so – and one of the constraints, obviously, is fermentation capacity. And whether you look at lactic acid or PLA or something else like that, obviously, fermentation is very important. And then our fermentation may be different than what some need, but our fermentation also is what others need. So, our goal is to first identify which customers want to potentially co-locate, which customers want to have a product that is shipped to them, where they are at in various stages of their development. We can’t just – we are not just going to work with all just development companies because we do want to be selling products commercially in the market as well. And we have had conversations with customers and confectionery all the way to Biochem. And so it’s going to be a combination of shipping it to the customer as well as potential co-location opportunities at the sites where we deploy the clean sugar technology as well. We also know, obviously, as you said, that fermentation is often a bottleneck, and it’s very expensive. We have scale fermentation capability available, especially at plants when you deploy the sugar technology, you will have less need for your fermentation capacity as well. So, I think there will be some retrofitting there as well in the future. But right now, we are just working with customers on various sizes in various times in their evolution to access this product. And I think that’s going to be something that we will have a strategic advantage on and mainly driven as well by our low carbon intensity of it.

And then with the CO2 pipeline, what’s the timeframe, if any, of considering – taking a capital investment to increase your economics on that pipeline?

Yes. I think right now, the pipeline is in process of still signing up the final amount to achieve their 10 million tons of capacity. If they are not there already, they are very close. We have had significant – they have had – some of it has had significant interest from everybody from ethanol producers to other emitters in the market. And I think once Summit decides or gets to the point where they are basically full in terms of the capacity needed, then I think they will ultimately look at then raising their next round of capital to continue this to get it to a shovel-ready project through engineering and permitting. And at that point, we will continue to make decisions on how far we want to invest in the project. And then obviously, shippers have other rights to invest. And I think it’s going to be a very successful project, mainly because Summit has done a great job in terms of capturing significant capacity from this industry to sign up.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Adam Samuelson from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.

Yes. Thanks. Good morning everyone.

Good morning Adam.

Good morning. So Todd, I was hoping to maybe dig a little bit more on the commercialization of high proteins. And you gave some helpful color in response to Ken’s question on kind of how you sold the Shenandoah tons for 2020 and 2021. As we think about the higher protein kind of protein content that you have been able to realize at Shenandoah and we think about replicating that at Wood River and Obion and Mount Vernon, etcetera, it’s down the road, how do we think about your ability to commercialize that incremental protein content, do you – timing of when you think you could have off-take agreements? How much of the high-pro would actually be able to be sold at those high values in those more premium markets and just thinking about the kind of real value capture opportunity as you move up the ticker?

Yes. We have a lot of confidence now that we can get to a point to produce higher proteins at a steady state. We have made a lot of progress, obviously, since that announcement of 58 Pro. We have learned a lot. We think both mechanically and biologically, we can move up the protein scale. Some of it’s going to come from mechanics of things that we have learned and some of it come from biology and other things that are interesting. We are working with customers in every one of those verticals on different levels of protein that we talked about, whether it’s pet, aqua, poultry, swine or dairy, and each of those customers have a different need. Our goal with – in 2022 and later in 2021 as Wood River comes up online is that we will probably end up increasing our protein purities for the customers that we have on the books today who are now in the kind of final stages of using the product that we sent them and figuring out ways to formulate around it, around the prices as well. And we are in several discussions about higher protein – with higher protein customers as well and using it in their ration. So, our goal is to move as quickly as possible up to higher protein purities and have the customer support to do that. I think we are going to – we are making very good progress as we speak. We are in – as I said, we are in several studies, several rations, several discussions. And quite frankly, we are being guided from our pet and our aqua customers to go straight to 58 protein and don’t stop. And then let the market decide what – where they want to – how it’s going to be priced in terms of just – we need to produce it consistently. And so we are kind of making that decision. We don’t want to give away free protein, but in order to get more expansive use on it, you have to make the protein as well. So – but we are working with customers today on pricing when we come out of Wood River initial start-up and then where we want to take Shenandoah for the remainder of the year. But we have great confidence that we are going to be able to achieve steady state, higher protein purities, and we are being guided from our customers to go there as fast as we can.

Alright. That’s really helpful. And then just on the ethanol market and obviously, Shenandoah helped to contribute to your marginal performance in the first quarter. The industry backdrop seems to have gotten better given the state of inventories, given kind of what we see broadly from industry crush margins? I am just trying to think, but you sounded a little bit more guarded about volatile market conditions. I am just trying to calibrate how to think about the base business actually performing arguably better given that industry backdrop and kind of what it would take to get your operating rates up?

No, we are – listen, we are – every time a plant comes out of a shutdown or Project 24. Obviously, we are still – we are just coming out of Wood River – or I am sorry, Mount Vernon and Project 24. Madison is still shut down. And in general, we got rid of 2 other plants as well. So – but how we are looking at it right now is, obviously, first quarter, we did well through our – through the ability to manage through some of these storms and our risk management programs that we had put in place prior to the quarter. But in Q2, Q3 and Q4, obviously, the one thing we are watching is the volatile movements in the agricultural markets. I think that’s something that has to be considered, while certainly on paper margins look as good or better and what we were able to achieve. In the first quarter, obviously, with corn moving up and ethanol maybe not moving up quite as fast, we are going to be patient in terms of – kind of going out on our limb and saying it’s all going to be way better than Q1 because we performed so well in Q1. So I think for us, we are watching market volatility closely. Obviously, ethanol hasn’t moved up as fast as corn, and we are trading at a premium to gasoline. So, the contribution from veg oils is very – corn oil is very good and very helpful. But I am still going to remain somewhat guarded in terms of Q2 until we kind of get further through Q2. Thus far, we started out okay. But we just got to watch this corn market a little bit. And it’s getting harder to buy physical corn as well. I think that’s something we have to watch through the end of the marketing year. The farmer – whatever the farmer has left is in tight hands, a lot of its moved to commercial almost at a record pace. There is no incentive for anybody to carry corn through this inverse all the way. So obviously, it’s being held for increase in physical basis gains. So we are going to watch that closely as well. So, I am just going to be guarded at this point over kind of Q2, Q3. But in general, we are definitely in a better place than we were this time last year and going into summer driving season. We are in great. I would say, though, we are in a great fundamental situation with ethanol stocks under 20 million barrels coming into summer driving season. We haven’t seen that for 7 years. And that’s something I think we are all enthusiastic about. But obviously, we have to watch how we price versus competing liquid fuels. But in general, our octane is still very cheap. And overall, we are optimistic. Q4, obviously, we look out there. Those are the best margins of the year on paper today. It’s interesting. And we are excited about that. But again, we got to make sure we have our physical corn procured, and that’s one thing we are working on.

Got it. That’s very helpful color. Thanks.

Thanks.

And thank you. And our next question comes from Craig Irwin from ROTH Capital.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. So, most of the things that were top of mind have already been addressed at this point. But Todd, maybe can you talk a little bit about the strategic opportunities for monetizing your corn oil over the next couple of years? As high-pro comes online, you are going to be one of the largest producers of what is the favored feedstock for LCFS credits into California. We did see Philips dip into the market and support a soy crusher that was in construction. Is there an opportunity for you to do something strategic out there, maybe grab a little bit more value from your own production than simply being exposed to spot, which does look like a very good thing at this point?

Yes. The spot vegetable oil market, obviously, is beneficial to this industry. And we are a strategic feedstock for what I think is the renewable diesel phenomenon. That’s taking place. Even more exciting is how will the CI score of our product be changed when we sequester the carbon as well. And I don’t think they are taking that into consideration yet and how the CI gets allocated. But as we roll Fluid Quip through our plants and through our customers that buy the Fluid Quip technology, you will get an increase in corn oil and an increase in volumes. And obviously, that increases the overall margin for the plant, which is being taken into consideration. We have had approaches in terms of how do we partner on supply agreements and those type of things at this point. We are being very patient in how we approach the market. I mean we are structurally still fundamentally friendly and optimistic on veg oil pricing as we kind of move through 2021 and 2022. The soy crush plant that was invested in by an energy company. To us, actually, it was – I think it empowered our industry a bit to say that we are on the right track. We have much lower CI corn oil or best oil than what is soybean oil today. And so I think we fit very well. It’s great that they did it. But to us, I think it’s actually more empowering for our industry to see that happen. It tells you that the story is intact and that security of supply is needed. And if we find the right opportunity with the right partner for the right economics, we will absolutely be willing to commit our corn oil, and we will have to wait and see if that happens or not. But I think you are on the right track. I think there will be strategic opportunities to monetize these flows and provide some of these projects with security of supply, and that’s what it’s going to be all about, because there will be times potentially with what’s brewing in the soybean balance sheet and the tightness in the soybean balance sheet that you could end up making a call to somebody to buy your feedstock and there may not be any available, and that’s something we have to watch out closely, which I think is very beneficial to our industry and to vegetable oils overall.

Excellent. So, I was hoping for an update on your relationship with Novozymes, what you are working on with them and what we can expect over the next number of quarters from this very important relationship?

Yes. I mean we have a lot of relationships that are providing lots of opportunities for us that even as we move up the protein purity levels and start to think about more innovation around this product because, oftentimes, people forget, it’s 75% protein and 25% yeast. And within that yeast, you can start to tailor that to specific nutritional characteristics or needs of the end user. And that’s really where we spend a lot of time with Novozymes is really looking at their library of technologies that can be applied, not just to protein purities. I mean that is something that’s been going on for many, many – Fluid Quip had been working with Novozymes many, many years ago, long before we got involved in early evolution of the Novozymes technology. And so that’s something that’s been around for a while. More importantly for us is really looking at how this product, number one, we can increase purities, but more so, we can increase nutritional characteristics and quality so that when an end user comes in and says, hey, I need more of this amino acid, can we tailor our product to express that or we need more of this nutritional characteristic, can we tailor our product to express that nutritional characteristic, that’s the power of the relationships. It’s partially protein purities, but really the yeast library that exists and available to us is really incredible to what we can do to start to tailor this product. And I think that’s really where a lot of value comes in, and that’s where we are working with each other a lot. I would tell you, Fluid Quip on its own is working on increasing protein purities just mechanically. We think we can get – we can make some progress there. But even more exciting now is to look at the post-MSC distillers. So we – traditionally, we would have our distillers grains, and now we are cutting off a piece of protein off of that, and we will leave the rest of the distillers grains that are much more traditional. What we are seeing now is our post MSC distillers grains has reduced the variability of this product in the use of nutritionists and the ration, and we are starting to get premiums for the Shenandoah post-MSC distillers grains, which we thought was going to happen. Actually, Walter initially thought that this product would bring great value and start to add in a whole another component to what Fluid Quip’s technology can do. But what’s turning out is that this product is now – is much more uniform and has started – starting to be respected again by nutritionist in the poultry space, in the dairy space and also in the swine space where they want to go straight to Shenandoah and start thinking of even Wood River next on the post-MSC distillers grain, which I think is really, really a big opportunity for us. Start getting a premium on millions of tons, and that starts adding up very fast, and that was an unexpected consequence that we are very excited about as well.

Thanks for taking my questions.

And thank you. And our next question comes from Jordan Levy from Truist Securities. Your line is now open.

Good morning everyone. Kind of following up on Craig’s question just to start out on corn oil, it seems that given the need for low CI feedstocks and renewable diesel markets and elsewhere would make sense for pretty much any ethanol producer to look to increase their corn oil yield. So, kind of as it relates to Fluid Quip’s technology, I just wanted to get your thoughts on the capacity to license that technology out and what that might look like? And then alongside that, what the potential for that investment that you have made in Fluid Quip is over the next few years to start to flow through and create some upside value beyond what you guys have laid out?

Yes. So in terms of corn oil, I mean, besides the protein systems, which liberates more of the oil, remember, in a 56-pound bushel of corn to somewhere between 1.8 pounds and 1.9 pounds of oil. And traditionally, an ethanol plant would liberate in their corn oil systems, 0.7 pounds to 0.8 pounds, maybe a little bit higher than that per bushel. And so in the Fluid Quip process, we are able to now liberate up to another 50%, which gets us up, we believe, we will be very soon at 1.2 pounds per bushel just through the additional extraction and liberation once you put in the MSC technology. That still leaves 0.6 pounds per bushel or another 50% from there. And it starts to have a diminishing return at lower prices, but an increasing return to higher prices. So going after the rest of that oil, you don’t want to change your final products in terms of the post-MSC distillers grains too much because by taking all the oil out, you may see some degrading value. But relative to where we’re at veg oil prices between kind of $0.65 and $0.75, you want to go after all the oil you can because the remaining product still has enough value to justify that. So that’s step 1. Step 2, obviously, is going after that 0.6 pounds and how are you going to do that? And I think that’s really kind of a bit of a holy grail, but starting to make progress there. Fluid Quip is starting to work on that solution. I think others are as well, is how to liberate more oil out of the corn kernel. But you have to be careful, if you get to a certain point, you could start to degrade the value of the other products too greatly. So we’re going to kind of in that sweet spot of 1.2 pounds to kind of 1.5 pounds per bushel, is kind of where we want to try to settle out. And we’re continuing to work on those solutions. In terms of Fluid Quip, when you look at that platform, we’re very excited about it. Our partners are, we are – we think there’s a lot of up there in terms of the true valuation of this technology company and the things that they’re working on across multiple different platforms. It’s not just – if you go on our website, it’s not just a protein technology, they have oil technologies, they’ve got fractionation technologies, they’ve got fiber technologies. They’ve got a lot of different technologies that are applied and put in many other plants besides Green Plains plants to try and increase profitability throughout the ethanol plant, whether it’s higher yields or higher purities. So we think we’re just getting started there. We think our development continues and we think the value of that company is only going to get greater in the future overall for ourselves and for our partners.

Great. That’s helpful. And then to change gears a bit. I just wanted to touch on your most up-to-date views on GPP and potential there to either bring it back in-house or refi or whatever you think – how you’re thinking about that entity?

Yes. So GPP right now is pretty well focused on paying down its debt, like we outlined. And making sure that we address the current maturity of this year, which we think only about $34 million will be remaining at the end of the year and utilized a combination of operating cash refinancings and maybe strategic actions to repay those debt obligations. I think we should have that in place, hopefully, in the next couple of months, maybe by the end of the third quarter. And if we’re unable to refinance, then we’ll look at other opportunities, whether it’s just restructuring the debt or other strategic actions we can take. We’re very confident that we will achieve the goals that we have outlined for that platform. And at this point, that’s mainly what we are focused on today. Our Birmingham facility continues to perform well there. They have the MVC in place from Green Plains. And at this point, obviously, by repaying the debt and eliminating the amortization, the heavy amortization, we think, overall, at some point, notwithstanding whatever the new debt structure will look like, hopefully, increasing back the distribution as well, maybe sometime in 2022, depending on where we end up with our new lenders on the refinancing. So at this point, that’s what we’re focusing on. And as a standalone, it’s doing just fine.

Great. Nice results guys. Appreciate it.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Ben Bienvenu from Stephens. Your line is now open.

Hey, good morning everybody.

Good morning.

I want to ask about the carbon capture and sequestration project. I want to be just clear on the timing. I think you noted you’d expect the project to be operational in 2024. Is that sooner than you had previously expected? Or is that still on the same timeline and then along those lines, do you have a sense yet of when you could start to work on applying for a pathway for an updated CI score from the California LCFS program?

Yes. I mean, I think the some of guys have outlined a 2024 start date for shipments. If they can get there, there are some things that, obviously, we would want to try and accelerate but that’s kind of the goal. And I would say, starting in 2024 and obviously, continuing to build out as they bring on different geographics in the pipeline. In addition to that, we are working on three direct inject sites that’re Madison, Mount Vernon and Obion, where we would realize all of the economics from the 45Q and the low carbon fuel standard credits, if there are any as well. So we’re excited about those as well, and we’re just getting started there. We think we’re in great locations geographically for there as well and so both of those are very exciting. But obviously, lots to do in each of those parts. What was the second question?

On getting a revised CI score for your ethanol to be sold?

Yes. So two – we have the Summit Carbon guys, the management of the team there had done a lot of work on that prior to us signing up and becoming partners there as well. And they sent two plants and two plants got scores from carb on – in a manner that if they sequestered their carbon, what would happen to the carbon score and each of those plants, very similar to the plans that we have going on in the pipeline, and others have as well, not just ourselves, but any shipper on the pipeline. There have been two plants that are basically the starting point that have gotten carbon scores cut in half. So they went from – into the 60 to into the 30 on CI. And if you think about that, you start to look at CI scores of a vegetable oil-based, our corn oil-based renewable diesel, and that’s in the 30 as well. And obviously, soybean oil-based renewable diesel is in the 40 or the 50. And then – and then the other oils, some of the waste oils are even lower than that. So that’s what really gave us the confidence, which is when we saw the carb storing on two example plants after sequestering carbon getting cut in half, that really told us that we would be on the path to a low-carbon bio-fuel. And I think that’s going to be more interesting in the future, which is how does ethanol play in a low-carbon fuel tank or in a low-carbon fuel pump and the need for more ethanol as the world demands lower carbon fuels. And so I think that’s not being taken into consideration in terms of the future of where – how we fit into the fuel tank, but I think it has to be taken into consideration because in quantity, we’re going to be able to compete with the Brazilian imports. We’re going to be able to compete with from a CI standpoint. We’ll be able to compete from a CI standpoint with renewable diesel and as we expand LTFs across the United States to multiple states and potentially national standard. I think we will be well prepared when this pipeline comes online to have some of the lowest carbon bio-fuels that are made in the world.

Understood. That’s great. My second question is just revisiting kind of the core ethanol fundamentals. As Adam noted in his Q&A, those margins for the industry are much improved. The S&D looks pretty good for the next little while here with resurging demand for driving. I’m curious – Todd, I know you said you’re a little bit more reticent or cautiously optimistic. Is there anything in that market where if it did turn south in the next year or 2 that it would have an impact on your ability to self-fund or fully fund this transformation that you’re undergoing?

Yes. And the other reason I’m reticent is because of the last 3 years, obviously, cautiously optimistic was the only way to be, but you saw it the last kind of 2 or 3 years and the challenges that oversupply faced. And you have to always keep in mind that we’re still not running at full capacity yet as an industry. So we’ll have to watch that closely in terms of how that impacts the forward margin structure overall. But I think even more than that, price of the feedstocks, we’re going to have to watch those very carefully as well. So I’m optimistic and cautiously optimistic, we’re in great fundamental shape as an industry if the industry maintains its focus and its discipline to stay in that shape, but there’s a lot of off-line capacity that we have to watch very closely. And so we’ve been our own worst enemy in the last several years. And obviously, we’re all optimistic now, but I’m going to be a little bit more cautiously optimistic than maybe what is out there today. We have not seen – we’ve seen a little bit come back on the export market, but we haven’t seen a resurgence of China yet. We saw a little bit of that earlier in the year. So – but I think we’re in a good place. I mean, I’d rather be here than the alternative, that’s for sure. And this is really where it gets into is a strong or even a 1.0 platform that’s just steady, is just so beneficial to our 2.0 strategy. We did everything based on zero contribution from ethanol EBITDA, just a 0 baseline. And our 2023, ‘24 numbers are all zero baseline numbers. So just a steady ethanol industry would be – a 1.0 would be fine with us. And right now, where we’re sitting, basis the historical even worse markets that we’ve ever been in, it would be pretty hard to not have the funding capacity to get all the way to the finish line, especially when we have four or five coming on in 2022 within a year from now or so. And those just generating cash flows from day 1. I mean you turn on our protein production capacity on Day 1, they start to generate cash flow. So while – even if ethanol took a turn at this point, I think we’re in a place right now as a company, where our balance sheet is in such great shape, with significant liquidity and additional liquidity available that it would be pretty tough for us to have anything get in our way at this point of executing successfully in 2.0. And even the fact that we’ve already started to order four to five plants of long lead time equipment. We’ve got most of our other equipment on stuff that we needed to even get in place, locked in on pricing. Obviously, we’re watching the steel market closely, but that’s just a small component of what we build. And I think we’re in pretty good shape. Could there be escalating costs a little bit? Sure. But the way that these projects are structured, we’re trying to insulate it as best we can. So it’d be pretty tough for something to get in the way of a successful completion of our 2.0 strategy at this point.

Yes. Okay, great. Congrats on everything you accomplished this quarter and good luck with the rest of the year.

Thank you.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Manav Gupta from Credit Suisse. Your line is now open.

Hi guys. On the carbon capture, you indicated that the CI score drops from 60 to 30. That’s almost $0.20 to $0.25 a gallon uplift. You’re indicating about $0.15 on your slide deck. So is there a transportation cost involved here? And second question is, one of your competitors who is doing a similar project is being very clear that the carbon credits solely belong to it along with LCFS credits. I’m trying to understand, in this case, with your agreement with Summit Carbon, is there a split on the IRS 45Q credits as this project takes off?

Yes. Basically, signing up on the pipeline as a shipper, if you just want to be a shipper at no capital cost to you, you’re splitting the credits with Summit, which is how the pipeline gets built, that in 45Q. So just being a shipper, the economics, obviously, the return on the investment is very high because you’re not putting any investment in. And some it takes the risk. And obviously, the plans that have signed up great plants like ourselves and others that we all signed up for very similar economics. And I think that’s where it’s a different type of project. But we’re also not asking, like nobody asked me for a 7-year take-or-pay off-take in an open season. So we wouldn’t – that’s not going to be something we would have really wanted to get involved in. So that’s why the opportunity to get involved ourselves in – I would imagine all the other shippers on the pipeline, is that we’ll commit to volume, you go build the pipeline, and we’ll share the economics, and we’re all partners with each other. It’s an incredible consortium that the Summit guys have put together with incredible partners to ship on that pipeline. It’s just the starting point. And then obviously, as you reduce the CI score from 60 to 30 or 65 to 35 or whatever you’re going to reduce it, you take a look at that, and you’re exactly right on the economics.

Okay. And one quick follow-up here is some of your peers took a lot of hit on high natural gas prices in their ethanol facilities. Somehow you completely dodged that bullet. If you can elaborate, how was that – how did you achieve that?

Well, look we have a great natural gas team that have been here for many years. They’ve seen many cold snaps and they anticipated the cold snap. And I think that was just something that we put protection in place for something remember, it’s winter and it gets cold. That’s the one thing for certain. So – and if you go back and look in the last 5 years, we probably had two or three of these where you had your cold snaps. And obviously, it’s not – it was – go back to the big polar vortex that happened before that, we set ourselves up and protect ourselves against extreme polar vortexes every winter. And so that’s really how we were able to achieve those results. And we’re very proud of the team that was in place to be able to do that. But much like we do, whether it’s in the corn markets, the ethanol markets, whether it’s in the crush, whether it’s in natural gas, yearly. The one thing for certain is it’s going to get cold. And the other one right thing for certain is we’re going to get a corn crop planted. And if we don’t get it planted, then we want to protect against that as well. So I mean, there’s – we are always looking at all of the risk that we have as a company and investing some insurance capital into those risks, whether it’s in corn, whether it’s in corn oil, whether it’s in natural gas or whether it’s in ethanol. And that’s always who we have been and we set ourselves up for a cold snap in this winter, and we were able to protect the downside of that.

Thank you so much for taking my questions.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Selman Akyol from Stifel. Your line is now open.

Thank you. Good morning.

Good morning.

Very much appreciate the comments earlier on Green Plains. Just thinking about the carbon sequestration opportunity you have there, as you evaluate and think about things. Do you see a role for Green Plains Partners in that at all?

I think that’s something that we’ve examined. Obviously, we don’t – we’re not the developer of the pipeline that some of carbon solutions. We’re involved in it as a shipper and as a potential investor as well and as a partner. And so, it’s a very nice to have the Green Plains Partners. Don’t know how that will apply yet to the Carbon Plant. But obviously, we were basically the last – one of the last MLPs ever to go public. If I recall, I mean, I think there’s one or two others, maybe after us. So there’s a lot of optionality there. But at this point, carbon is still early in its development and how partners will end up playing or not playing in that is yet to be determined. But certainly, there is optionality there as well.

Alright. Thank you very much.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Eric Stine from Craig-Hallum. Your line is now open.

Good morning everyone.

Good morning.

Just quickly, on the clean sugars, I think in the past, you’ve talked about conversation with 40 plus parties there. So just curious where that stands? And then secondly, I think in the past, you’ve talked about that by 2025, you’re hoping to have one small plant and one big plant online using the clean sugars? I mean – or producing that? Is that still the plan?

Yes. Everything we’ve seen out of New York so far has been positive and has given us positive disposition to keep moving forward, you have to remember, this was already deployed commercially at a much bigger plant than what we’re doing at York. We brought it back to York to reengineer it for our sites, and then, obviously, start to roll that out. So everything right now is on track for what we’ve talked about. We are working with customers today as we speak. We have customers that want to have all different types of uses, including co-location opportunities, much like we’ve seen others that have dextrose with co-location opportunities right next to that supply. In general, we think that what we’re able to achieve at the price we’re able to achieve it with the CI score that it has is that we are absolutely on the right track. I think that so far, everything we’ve seen out of York to date gives us great confidence that this is going to be very exciting for Green Plains.

Thank you. And I am showing no further questions. I would now like to turn the call back over to Todd Becker for closing remarks.

Yes. Thanks, everybody. Thanks for coming on the call. I think what’s really exciting for us is our balance sheet is in great shape. We have fully funded our transformation. We are on a path that we outlined. The ability to roll out these construction projects is underway. And I think we’re going to continue to be successful in innovating around protein purities and innovating around nutritional qualities. Everything is telling us we’re heading in the right direction. The gains that we’ve made in terms of increasing our purities and getting higher yields of those purities and then increasing the value of the remaining projects just gives us more confidence that this is truly transformational for our company. On top of that, a solid stable 1.0 platform is also very helpful. I know that was a concern of others. But in general, nothing – we don’t believe there’s a lot that can stop us right now from achieving our results, and we’re just going to continue down this path. So we appreciate your support, and we’ll talk to you guys next quarter. Thank you.

Thank you. This concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for participating and you may now disconnect.