Thank you for standing by and welcome to the Fourth Quarter 2021 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speakers presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. As a reminder today’s conference call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Ms. Christine Patrick, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good morning and thank you for joining us today. Root is hosting this call to discuss its fourth quarter 2021 earnings results. Participating on today's call are Alex Timm, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer; and Dan Rosenthal, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Revenue Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. During the question-and-answer portion of this call, our presenters will be joined by Matt Bonakdarpour, Chief Technology Officer, and Frank Palmer, Chief Insurance Officer. Last evening, Root issued a shareholder letter announcing its financial results. While this call will reflect items within that document for more complete information about our financial performance, we also encourage you to read our 2021 Form 10-K. Before we begin, I want to remind you that matters discussed on today's call will include forward-looking statements related to our operating performance, financial goals, and business outlook, which are based on management's current beliefs and assumptions. Please note that these forward-looking statements reflect our opinions as of the date of this call and we undertake no obligation to revise this information as a result of new developments that may occur. Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expected and described today. In addition, we are subject to a number of risks that may significantly impact our business and financial results. For a more detailed description of our risk factors, once again, please review our Form 10-K, where you will see a discussion of factors that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from these statements, as well as our shareholder letter released last evening. A replay of this conference call will be available on our website under the Investor Relations section. I would like to also remind you that during the call, we are discussing some non-GAAP measures in talking about Root's performance. You can find the reconciliation of those historic measures to the nearest comparable GAAP measures in our shareholder letter released last evening, and our filings with the SEC, each of which will be posted on our website at ir.joinroot.com. I will now turn the call over to Alex Timm, Root's Founder and CEO.

Thank you, Christine. I’m going to get right to it. 2021 was a challenging year as inflation pushed losses to new levels and digital marketing spend became less efficient. However, because of our technology and data advantage, we were able to identify these trends early and take swift action. Our ability to respond quickly is reflected in our fourth quarter results where our loss ratio has been stable since the initial impact of inflation hit earlier in the year, while industry trends continued to rise. We also reduced marketing spend another 65% in the fourth quarter, cutting our operating loss roughly in half since the second quarter. During the quarter, we continued to make progress on strengthening our underwriting and building our embedded product. We've made substantial progress in our partnership with Carvana. Through open collaboration, the quality and effectiveness of what we've been able to build in less than six months has surpassed expectations on both sides. After rolling out the first version of our product in 12 states, we've made improvements to the customer experience and are focused on driving adoption. We continue to add new states to the embedded footprint every week. As initial results have been very promising, Carvana has increased our share of traffic months ahead of schedule. We have a strong roadmap to continue to drive increased buying rates. As we build the second version of our product, we will explore how telematics can be used to inform pricing, underwriting, and the customer experience. We are also building a brokerage offering to serve customers and states where Root currently does not write business. While it's still early, the metrics around attach rate, loss ratio, and retention look extremely positive. We expect that Carvana customers will represent a material percentage of new writings in Q1 and continue to build throughout the year. On top of our successes with embedded insurance, we are tightening our underwriting standards in a state-by-state approach to further drive profitability. This work is critical to the efficacy of the data science models and their ability to drive differentiation in Root's risk segmentation. In addition, we have continued to advance our machine learning based loss and underwriting models. Having built our pricing and underwriting systems on the very best technology, Root has been able to respond to the environmental changes quickly. During the fourth quarter, we implemented eight rate increases and an additional five were implemented to date in the first quarter. We have improved pricing segmentation through enhancements to our country pricing model. This model leverages Root’s growing data to expand modelled coverages, improve segmentation, and better predict the lifetime value of a customer. Our UBI 4.0 model is also now active in 24 states. Through detailed testing of this model, we have experienced a material improvement in frequency to premium ratios, while simultaneously offering better prices to good drivers. This further demonstrates how the predictive power of our technology translates into measurable results. Taken together, we expect these actions to drive improvement in our 2022 loss ratio and bring our performance closer to our stated goal of 65%. We are driving this company to profitability. The actions we took over the last quarter will materially improve our underwriting results while building defensible growth. We were able to act quickly because our engineering and data science driven infrastructure allows us to collect actionable real-time data, analyze it quickly, and then implement change, and that was demonstrated by our Q4 performance. Before I turn over to Dan, I want to share two employee announcements. I'm excited to report that Matt Bonakdarpour has been promoted to Chief Technology Officer. Matt's contributions to Root over the past four years are incredibly significant. By more closely aligning our data science technology teams with Matt leading both, we can continue to unlock opportunities to build a world-class data science technology stack. We also announced that Hemal Shah has decided to leave Root. He will be taking some time for himself and his family. I would like to thank Hemal for his contributions to building our product, our teams, and our processes. I'm thankful for the dedication of our team members who are working every day to transform insurance. I appreciate the trust of our customers and investors. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Dan.

Thanks, Alex. Our results for the fourth quarter of 2021 reflected Root's ability to recognize environmental trends early and take quick action to address them. We have line of sight to profitable unit economics and this quarter reflects our strategic priorities in action. You will find our full GAAP financial results contained in the shareholder letter we published yesterday evening, but we wanted to give a few of the key highlights. On the top line, we grew gross written premium 9% year-over-year to $158 million. Our gross earned premium increased 22% year-over-year to $189 million. The top line's outperformance was driven by relatively stable retention and less impact from rate increases and reduced marketing spend than anticipated. Shifting to profitability, gross accident period loss ratio was 91% for the fourth quarter, inclusive of six points of severity and nine points of frequency compared to the fourth quarter of 2020. As Alex touched on, the relative stability in our loss ratio since inflation hit in the second quarter speaks to the power of our platform, leveraging our technology and data architecture; we have responded quickly getting rate and underwriting changes to market. The operating changes we have made on our path to profit were demonstrated in our bottom line. Operating loss was $92 million, a $35 million improvement when compared with the third quarter, and an $80 million reduction from the second quarter when we started taking action to reduce cash burn. The primary driver of this reduction was a 50% reduction in sales and marketing spend in the second half of the year compared with the first. Our commitment to expense management has not stopped with marketing spend. In January, we made the difficult decision to reduce our workforce by approximately 20%, resulting in run rate expense savings of approximately $30 million annually. This brings total run rate expense savings to date to roughly $48 million from our peak 2021 expense levels. In coming quarters, continued expense management actions will be evident in our cash consumption and bottom line results. These efforts in combination with closing on a new term loan facility with BlackRock in the first quarter of 2022 give us line of sight to profitable unit economics and capital to execute on the strategic priorities to get us there. Turning to our outlook, we remain on the path we set out on during the second quarter of 2021. With the amount of uncertainty surrounding the auto insurance environment and the ongoing impact of COVID, we are providing a six-month view of our expectations. We continue to expect gross written premium to reflect significant year-over-year declines in the first half of 2022 as we continue to take underwriting and pricing actions. We continue to expect meaningful improvement in our operating losses in 2022. With a further reduction in marketing costs and fixed expenses, we expect approximately 25% improvement in operating losses in the first half of 2022, compared with the first half of 2021, excluding restructuring charges of $6 million to $9 million. We are planning to host an Investor Day in New York City in September, where we will give a greater level of detail on future expectations for the business. I would like to echo Alex’s statement that we are on our path towards driving this company to profitability. The actions that we have taken demonstrate our thoughtfulness around deploying capital and are improving our bottom line, but we are not finished. Our near-term goals are very clear, continuing to capitalize on our technology advantage, strengthen our underwriting foundation, and building out our embedded product with Carvana. We are excited about the opportunities before us and appreciate your continued support. With that, Alex, Frank, Matt, and I look forward to your questions.

Thank you. Our first question comes from Elyse Greenspan of Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Hi, thanks. Good morning. My first question, in the letter last night, you guys did mention that there was, I think some frequency benefit to end the year, I was just hoping you could give us more color on that. And then, did you see a frequency benefit continue into the start of 2022 just given the Omicron variant in January? Thanks.

Hello. This is Frank. A couple of comments on that. As we talk about the frequency improvements from UBI 4.0, we did see some driving reductions due to the Omicron variant, but those were – when we talk about that from our UBI 4.0 modeling, it wasn't just the Omicron, because we saw some of those decreases even earlier in the summer as we rolled out our new model. That model is, it's not just frequency, it's a frequency to earn premium metric, which shows that the new models are driving more profitable business, not just lower claims counts.

Okay. And then my… oh sorry, go ahead.

Hi, yes. This is Matt Bonakdarpour. I just wanted to chime in and mention that we typically see every year around this time going into the end of December and into the winter months a seasonal trend and frequency and that's what we were alluding to in the shareholder letter, a decrease in miles driven, which was confirmed in our telematics data. It implied a decrease in frequency.

Okay. Thanks. That's helpful. And then my second question was on the Carvana relationship, you guys, in your prepared remarks, Alex, you mentioned that you thought there would be a material percentage of new writings from that relationship with the Q1, any more detail you can just give in terms of premium expected there and just how we should think about the growth from that relationship throughout 2022 and even beyond?

Yeah, thank you for that question. It's – we're still in the early days on Carvana. We're seeing really exciting growth through that channel. And we are seeing a material portion today of our new writings coming through that channel. And we have lots of plans to continue to scale both the state footprint, as well as continue to drive off the attach rate with customers through the Version 2 of our product that will be more embedded into the Carvana flow than what currently stands. So, Dan, do you want to comment on expectations?

I think Elyse, good morning. And the only thing I'd add to it Alex, that is, a lot of people talk about partnerships. It can be an overused word. I think one of the things we're most excited about in the six months since we agreed to our partnership with Carvana and their investment in Root is how quickly the teams have come together. This is really a very special and unique partnership. We've seen like-minded cultures. We've seen laser focus on the customer that we both share; really, really open collaboration between the companies. And simply put, that’s driving faster development of the embedded product. Stay tuned for what's to come, but we're very excited about it.

Okay. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Josh Siegler of Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is open.

Yes. Hi, thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to dive into your policies and force, which grew year-over-year despite the ad spend reduction in 4Q. What helps you still gain users this quarter?

Yeah. I think that's a good question for Dan on policies enforcing growth.

Yes. I think, look, we were pleased with the performance in the fourth quarter, particularly seen retention at better levels than we anticipated, as well as some of the hangover of the marketing that we had invested in earlier in the year. That said, we are continuing to guide with the language that we used in the last quarter about significant year-over-year declines in growth as we go forward for the first half of the year. You know, the first half of 2021 was a really significant growth period for us. And as we lap that, we want to remain really laser-focused in this environment on our pricing and underwriting, really focused on the foundation of the business, what we've talked about, and it’s reflected in our results from the fourth quarter that we're having success with the actions that we took in the middle of 2021 leveraging the technology that we have in place to drive a really granular focus on pricing and underwriting and frankly to move faster. And you're going to start to see that show up in the results as you did in the fourth quarter on the bottom line. At the same time, we're focused on differentiated more efficient customer acquisition channels. And for us that starts with Carvana. So, it's less about growth this month and it's more, as Alex said earlier, about building towards on that path to profitability. And that's what we're excited about. That's the journey we're on.

Great. That's helpful. And following along that line of thought, with Carvana becoming a material part of new writings starting in 1Q 2022, do you also expect to start having a positive impact on your loss ratio for 2022 for the full year?

I think Matt Bonakdarpour can talk about what we're seeing through that channel to date. It's still very early days, but we are seeing positive signs. Matt, do you want to give some detail?

Yes. I do want to underscore the fact that it's very early days and the losses are still developing, but we are seeing encouraging signs, not just from the customer mix characteristics and the retention data that we're seeing, but also early indicators of frequency and loss ratio. It's important to note that anytime you start a new channel, you will feel a new business impact from that channel, but when we compare and control for that fact, the early signs are very encouraging.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Matt Carletti of JMP. Your line is open.

Thanks. Good morning. Taking your kind of comments on pricing action, what you've seen with frequency and also the commentary and a letter about being able to kind of see loss trends more quickly, do your technology and react to them, do you think it's safe to say, knowing what you know today that we've seen the worst of the loss ratio? I mean, I heard your comments about improvement in the loss ratio in 2022, but given the stability Q4 versus Q3, do you think we peaked out or are there reasons to believe that we could take higher before seeing that improvement over the course of the year?

I think we've done a lot of work and the teams have done really an amazing job at getting both the underwriting, our underwriting function improved pretty drastically, as well as pushing out a ton of pricing improvements throughout all of our markets. And so, we've done really a historic amount of work over the last six months to really control for that. And we're really proud of the team and the hard work they've put in there. I'm going to pass it over to Frank who could talk a little bit more about how we see the future.

Yes. So, it's fun to talk about the future. I want to break your question up into, kind of there's loss trend and then there's loss ratio trend. We do think that loss trends are still high. As we look at the microeconomic factors, inflation is still up; used car prices are still up; and we expect that a lot of those macroeconomic impacts to still remain high. And to have relatively high loss trends throughout the rest of this year. Now, then there's loss ratio trends. Now we think that we managed to take actions very early on as we started to see these loss trends come up. And so, our rate actions, our underwriting actions should help bring that loss ratio down or at least keep pace with that trend. And so, while we might not have seen the peak in loss trends, industry-wide microeconomic loss trends, we do think that we've probably seen a peak in the loss ratio trend.

Great. That's very helpful. And then one other, if I could, kind of a high-level question, but I think one that people might find pertinent given some of the changes taking place. What does Root look like two to three years from now? And then specifically, I'm kind of asking around kind of distribution makeup of the company and path to profitability.

This is Alex. Thanks for that question. What we see right now and where we're still laser-focused is, we have not lost belief at all in really the core underlying opportunity here. And we still think that when you look at the over $260 billion auto insurance market that we have developed really differentiated technology, both in our ability to move quickly and develop things like Carvana and even a broader embedded platform where because of our technology, we can deliver one-click experiences, and at the same time, we can leverage our data to actually materially improve the underlying unit economics. And so, I think in the future, you're going to see, you know, we do believe embedded is a gigantic opportunity. We think that there is going to be a very large shift. We think it builds better consumer experiences. And we think that we're at the tip of that spear. And we're going to continue to expand that product and distribution line. We also still believe in our direct channel. We think that we can build better consumer experiences through our technology and that's what we're going to continue to do. And then with that, you should expect material improvements to profitability, which the company's track record, we have consistently improved loss ratio over the years. And we saw some inflation last year, but we believe we've now really acted quickly, decisively, and aggressively to get that back under control.

Great. Thanks for the answers. Appreciate it.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Michael Phillips with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Hi. You actually have someone on for Mike. Just a quick question, somewhat touched on the last point that you guys made. So, as you think about your various distribution channels, how do you rank or has last prioritized the IA channels, and I think you touched on DTC, and you started to focus on DTC, but I’m just trying to figure out, you know, how do you balance the various distribution channels including partnership, and you know, if you have alluded to somewhat breaking into IA channel as well?

We do have investments throughout multiple distribution channels, including our independent agency channel, which is still live and we are getting policies through that channel today. However, what we have seen and what we have observed over the last six months, particularly with the Carvana partnership and the success of the embedded product, has really surpassed any of our expectations. And so what we, in the immediate future are really focused on is, we think it's very prudent to focus our resources there to continue to drive that growth channel. And we also believe that that growth channel actually can create a moat around our business because there is, it is differentiated access to customers where we can uniquely service those customers in the moment that they actually have the need. And so, we think because of that that's really where we're focused right now. Of course, as we progress, we believe that there are lots of other ways to talk to customers too. And so, we will be over time continuing to incubate other distribution channels, but right now the focus is Carvana.

Great. Thanks. And just a quick question and on your rate increases. So, you've been taking significant rate increases. I think you guys alluded to in your shareholder letter 14% since the beginning of 2021, which somewhat seems above the industry average, obviously people have been taking rates for inflationary pressures, but I’m just trying to figure out, you know what is that a function of? Is that from, I know when you guys enter new states, you weren't in a lot of telematic pricing, so you have to rely on other previously filed data from other insurers or is it just like a function of your telematics pricing and you're adjusting for it there or is it a difference in the inflationary environment as well? I'm just trying to parse-out what is the difference that would seem above industry average taken throughout the past few months?

Sure. This is Frank. I can take that. Great question. I think that a lot of that rate increase action over industry average is in the inflationary pressure, right. So, quarter one, the industry or the quarter one of last year, the industry had very good loss results, but then quarter two, it started to accelerate away, and we saw some of the loss cost increases, some of the greatest loss cost increases in the last 20 years maybe in quarter two, quarter three and quarter four. Now, we believe that Root was able to identify that earlier, both using our technology, the granular level at which we segmented our loss cost data, as well as our UBI, giving us more driving information around customer driving patterns and how those are increasing, both on a frequency and severity basis. And so, we think we were able to recognize that industry loss cost trend earlier, and start getting those rate increases and underwriting actions in the market faster than other competitors. So, if you go back to quarter two, quarter three, I think we would have expected that we would have higher than industry average rate increases, mostly because we recognized the loss increases that are impacting us and the industry, but just could act sooner than many of our competitors.

Great. Thank you. Appreciate it.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Yaron Kinar of Jefferies. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning. This is Andrew on for Yaron. So, it sounds like retention rates were a bit stronger this quarter, but at the same time, still filing for rate increases. Was hoping you could help us think about the impact on retained PIF and on new PIF growth from here, just given the rating actions?

Yeah, sure. This is Matt Bonakdarpour. Like you said, going to Q4, retention was a bit better than we expected. We’ve incorporated that into our forward-looking forecast. We have gone out of our way as we’ve improved our underwriting and pricing capabilities to pay close attention to customer experience, and that means preserving the rate they get new business as they renew into their future terms. So, rate disruption is top of mind and mitigating it for the benefit of the customer is a priority for us. So, while we do expect the rate increases going forward in the quarters to come to impact retention, we think it won't impact it the same way it has in the past, and that's incorporated into our shareholder letter in our forward-looking forecast.

Great. Thank you. And then, so it sounds like loss trends still expected to be high throughout the rest of the year, but loss ratio your trend has peaked. Just given the current inflationary environment, does Root still need another level or another round of rate increases?

Yes. This is Frank. I'd say that we're still in the middle of that first round of rate increases. And then we are certainly monitoring and we'll see how those loss trends increase. So, you don't have to take all of the rate in one month, January and February. And so, we're continuing to take rate and expect to continue to do that for the next couple of months, and then we'll see and we're paused and we're positioned to be able to take further rate in the rest of this year if we need to.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Hughes of Truist. Your line is open.

Yeah. Thank you. Good morning. Your level of sales and marketing spend where should it go from the level you had in Q4?

Good morning, Mark. This is Dan. We are on the trajectory of sales and marketing that we've really talked about back on the Q2 call last summer, where we did a reset around our direct marketing strategy, obviously focused on building out the differentiated embedded insurance products starting with Carvana, and that's continued. We continue to cut back sales and marketing through the third and fourth quarters last year and are continuing to do so as we look at the first half of this year. Now, we are continuing to test, as Matt talked about earlier, we leverage the data that we have, the customer segmentation information that we have. We have a very strong new Chief Marketing Officer, B.C. Silver, who is bringing some differentiated strategies to our direct marketing. We were thrilled to hire him from Green Dot and a lot of other prior experience at Procter & Gamble, and Clorox Brands and otherwise. He's been a great addition as a leader to the team. And again, we look forward to seeing what he develops strategically. That said, in the pricing and underwriting environment that Frank and Matt described where we are continuing to take rate and deal with the worst auto insurance inflation in four decades, that's going to necessarily result in lower marketing. We think that is the prudent strategy and the smart thing to do right now and then as the strategies that we have put in place that Frank and Matt articulated and that we talked about in our shareholder letter dating back over the last several quarters that have shown up in our results as those strategies are in place then we can return to a greater focus on direct marketing.

Understood. This kind of $25 million level is that maybe a reasonable run rate when we think about the first six months of 2022?

If you're saying $25 million for the first half of the year, I actually think that's high. Again, in this environment, where we are able to reduce down our direct marketing spend and focus it on the states and customer segments that matter, and until we get the rate increases in place, I think $25 million over a six-month period is higher than we will end up.

And then, I think you give a lot of details on this, but could you talk generally about your, the resources, the cash on hand, kind of the cash burn, just a general sense of your current position?

Yeah. Thanks again, Mark. I'll take that one. I think we are a fundamentally stronger company with a sound strategy and a stronger balance sheet today than we have been in the past. And that's reflected in the actions that we've taken around sales and marketing that I just described. The actions from a fixed expense standpoint, and really from a focus and prioritization within the business. We are just running really strongly at the key priorities Alex articulated around our pricing and underwriting focus, what we call one-play display because it is really the critical play and the foundation, and then building out the differentiated customer acquisition strategy. So that sets us up to have line of sight to profitable unit economics as we move forward and then capital to execute on the strategic priorities to get us there. I think the other thing that I would add is the support from BlackRock that occurred back in January where we closed the facility, really sends a very powerful message to have BlackRock support us with a five-year, $300 million debt facility really, really exciting for us. So, where we sat at year-end from a Holdco cash position, which we felt good about, as well as a cash and investment position has only been strengthened by the $300 million facility closed with BlackRock in January.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from David Motemaden of Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Thank you. I just had a question just on the outlook. So, if I just think that you think there's going to be a 25% improvement in operating loss in the first half, that implies about $100 million of losses, operating losses a quarter, you guys just did $92 million this quarter, you have some expenses that are coming from some of the items you took earlier this year. And Dan, in response to a question earlier, you just said marketing spend might even come down further, so, guys did $92 million of operating losses this quarter, why do you expect that to deteriorate a bit to around $100 million a quarter in the first half of the year?

I think, I would caution you, David. First of all, good morning. Nice to speak with you again. I'd caution you from looking at the run rate of the fourth-quarter losses, given the seasonality in the business, as well as the continued inflationary impact that Frank described earlier. So, as a host of factors to just look at one quarter and then extrapolate that into performance for the following year, I think if you look at our sales and marketing levels in the fourth quarter, they were quite low, that is seasonally or typically would be our lowest direct marketing quarter of the year to begin with, and it was low consistent with that. So, we expect that to continue. I think for us, we as I mentioned earlier, we are running more efficiently today than we have in the past. We are focused on our core strategic priorities that's going to result in about a 25% operating loss improvement, and we're trying to smooth out the seasonality that you might see in one quarter and other, and frankly just focus on executing on our plan. I think what you're seeing from us in the results that we announced in the fourth quarter, and the plan and focus that we have going forward, if it's less about one quarter or what have you, it's really about the strategy that we fundamentally believe in. We think as Matt said, we are moving faster than others in the marketplace. You're seeing the impact of our technology and our granular focus showing up in the results and that's our focus, and we're going to continue to do that as a team and look forward to continuing to talk to all of you on that journey.

Got it. Okay. So, I guess your seasonality must be a little bit different. I guess some of your peers has a little bit favorable seasonality in 1Q versus 4Q, but that's fair. And then if I, you just mentioned in the letter, Alex, just around the Carvana relationship, you talked about some of the metrics around loss ratio, attach rate retention looking positive on some of that business through Carvana, could you just share what those metrics are? And I'm specifically focused on what the conversion ratio is for the Carvana relationship, and how that's looking, just to get a sense for as you guys expand how to think about that?

Yeah, this is Dan. You're right. We talked about it. We're really excited about where Carvana is going. Again, I think it's all developing faster than we anticipated and better than we anticipated, but it's still early days. And Matt talked about it earlier. We're working really, really well as partners and learning from the early signs that we see in the data and we'll look forward to sharing more in the quarters ahead. The leading indicators that we do see support better unit economics coming from the channel and a better customer experience, and now it's about continuing to develop the product, add more states, learn from the testing, refine, and grow the channel.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Brian Meredith, UBS. Your line is open.

Yes, thanks. A couple here. First, just curious, Dan I think you mentioned that the loss ratio had 6% severity in it. I was a little surprised at that number given that most of your competition and most of the other personal auto carriers had double-digit severity in the quarter. Is there something unique about Root that makes you have lower severity than the competition? And is that what you're assuming from a pricing perspective, 6% right now, and in that was, I guess assume built into your reserving for the quarter as well?

Hi. This is Frank. I'd say that when you think about the pricing right to your pricing question, we look at frequency and severity and overall loss trends, not just the severity. So, I do think that on an annual basis, year-over-year or quarter-over-quarter, you might see higher than 6% overall. We're expecting probably higher than 6% overall loss trends. And I will say too with our claims functionality, particularly all of our claims systems are in-house. And so, when we see things like used car price increases, we can very easily and quickly actually mitigate a lot of that by making sure that we're totally in fewer vehicles and beginning to actually move more into repairs. And so, we were able to make that shift actually real-time because we have a data science model that effectively signs a threshold that allows us to basically decide whether or not we repair a vehicle or total a vehicle and we can do that honestly on a day-by-day basis. And so, as we've seen severity increase, we've been able to actually change the logic on our claims handling, which is, we believe very unique in the industry.

Great. Thanks. And then second question, just quickly back on the cash burn, just curious, as I look at kind of near term cash burn, given the big drop you're going to see in written premium in the first half of the year, does that all, at all kind of maybe increase cash burn a little bit in the near term, ultimately obviously to improve as the book improves?

We don't anticipate that drop off in new business to materially increase cash burn. In fact, we think the opposite will occur because new business typically with a higher first term loss ratio causes a bit of a strain on cash burn. And so, we've cut our operating loss roughly in half in the last six months or so, and we think that that's going to continue.

Great. If I could just ask one quick last one. The Carvana relationship, I'm just curious, is that a telematics product?

So, what we've done in the first version of Carvana is, we've really prioritized getting a product out into the market into consumers hands and moving quickly. And that's the way we like to develop products at Root. We really leverage our engineering abilities to ship product very quickly very, very frequently. And so, every week we are making improvements to that product flow. Currently, we are not using telematics in the Carvana flow. However, we do have plans to. And we think that there's a lot of really interesting opportunities here, particularly given that they have the vehicle, really in their possession, which allows us to get closer to vehicle technology as well while they're in the reconditioning centers. And so, that is certainly on our product roadmap and we will be iterating quickly and inform you guys as we roll those new products out.

Thanks. Appreciate it.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Tracy Benguigui of Barclays. Your line is open.

Good morning. I'm trying to rectify your eight rate increase actions in the fourth quarter and your average premium. So, I see your premiums per policy only increased 2% in the fourth quarter versus the third quarter. So, should I expect it's just a time lag thing, it will take more time to recognize some of the pricing actions you’ve taken in your average premium?

Yeah, this is Frank. Thanks for a good question. I was going to say that one, yes, certainly earned premium will take longer to earn, but I'd also say that with some of our marketing actions and the slowing down, we also had mix shifts from new to renewal and others. So, just looking at the average premium, I think is hard to reconcile between filed rate increase and average premium, just because that there are mix shifts. So, you could get a mix shift towards a lower earned premium, but a better loss ratio if you're going from new to renewal also.

Okay. And then just staying on rate actions, I was actually struck by a 56.4% request in Nevada, where you’re proposing a historic adjustment and to better reflect loss trend and you're also trying to fix an expense load. How do you think your data will respond to that and should we expect any other historic adjustments and other state filings?

This is Alex and that's a good question. We have, one, we always are working with regulators and we are continuing to work with regulators through our state filing process. I think it's important to note that now that the industry has sort of come along and realized that this loss trend is real is that we are not really alone in requesting large rate increases. And so, I think that that has helped us considerably. And we have been able to and I think the track record shows now actually receive approval of our rate increases. We've gotten many very large rate increases and changes in the market over the last six months and we think that that's going to continue. The other thing that's really important for us and why we're able to do this is because we have automated almost all of the actuarial impact analyses that we need to show and the data that we need to support those rate filing increases. And so long as we can show that these are actuarial justified rates, which they are, we have all of the belief in the world that we'll be able to get the rate increases as we've shown in the past.

Okay. And if I could just sneak something else in, you've mentioned nine points of frequency and six points of severity in the fourth quarter. If I compare that to last quarter, you also said nine points of frequency and eight points of severity. So, it seems like frequency is flat not better. So, when you talk about frequency being better, is that a seasonality perspective, and also seems like severity is getting better, what is really driving that? And given your other comments that inflation should still impact results.

Yeah. The frequency in the shareholder letter was really talking about the very end of Q4 going into the seasonal decline and mileage at the end of December, more specifically and into the winter months. That's what drove the decrease in frequency in the quarter overall. Severity trends have more or less stayed flat basically natural variation quarter-over-quarter. We haven't seen the inflationary pressures stack on top of each other quarter-over-quarter, and that allows us to be confident in the rate filings that we're going forward with to date.

Okay. So that comment was more at the end of the quarter, but it was still flat nine points versus nine points for frequency, and more of just variability quarter by quarter in the six points of severity versus eight points last quarter. Is that right?

Yes, I think that's correct. You're going to see some variability when we look at year-over-year trends and severity and frequency. Particularly on severity, it can be noisy. So, yes, I would say that that's correct, and then we are seeing seasonal benefits to frequency.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ryan Tunis of Autonomous Research. Your line is open.

Thanks, good morning. As best you guys can tell, what do you think your cash position will be at the end of 2022?

Thanks, Ryan. I appreciate the question. I'm not going to get into specifics on that, you see, especially given the environment that we're in, what we're excited about is a couple of things. We're excited about the fact that over the last couple of quarters, we have hit our stride from a strategic standpoint, as well as an operating standpoint. Alex talked about the significant reductions in sales and marketing expense, the fixed expenses, etcetera. And we're forecasting a 25% operating loss improvement year-over-year for the first half of the year. And as I said earlier, we're really pleased that we see line of sight to profitable unit economics that will help protect the cash position that we're in. And we have capital to execute on the strategic priorities that we've laid out, part of being more focused from a prioritization perspective. It certainly allows us to benefit from the capital position that we're in and extend out to cover the priorities that we're focused on. On top of that, I mentioned earlier the BlackRock facility, which is a five-year $300 million facility that closed in January is really, really important. And gives us the foundation and the support to continue to execute on our strategy for years to come.

Got it. And then follow-up for Alex. I mean, a lot of point guards have actually won the MVP and you guys have actually shown you have a lot of marketing acumen, you've sold a ton of policies over your lifetime can you do some pipe stock as well? And seemingly, if you were to run more of a tech-like model, you could do it with a lot less G&A. Is there any thinking – have you guys thought it all about perhaps pivoting your model or trying to monetize it in a different way, or is that something you would consider over the next six months or so, if the insurance environment is still complicated?

We think that our technology, as we said before is extremely differentiated and we've seen that. When it comes to Carvana, for example, we've said there are several states that we know we don't support right now. And what we've seen is that that's attractive business and that there are definitely other partners, potential balance sheet partners that are interested in our leaning in to potentially partner with us. Now, what I will say is that when we're looking at those partners and when we're considering this, is it's very important to us that they can maintain the customer experience that we're building and so making sure that they can leverage our technology and sufficiently provide that level of customer adoption and experience is going to be really important. We have had an enterprise program in place too for a couple of years now. And so, those business model changes, and the different various business models to capitalize on the core technology asset that we have built here is definitely something that we're exploring and honestly have explored and we have real progress to show to date. We already have for instance two major insurance carriers that we partner with in order to broker business. So, we certainly look at that.

And I think Ryan, this is Dan. The only thing I would add is that the industry has taken note of our ability to leverage our technology during this very unique environment. And you can imagine that we have gotten significant communication on that because the results speak for themselves, and that's only reinforced by the results we posted for the fourth quarter. We're always going to look at opportunities and some of the strategic choices that we have in front of us. And again, we're excited about being at this point in the journey and some of the things that are going to develop in the quarters ahead.

Thanks.

Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time. Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's conference. Thank you for participating. You may all disconnect. Have a great day.